chp 20 test

Question 1

chrostopher columbus

Answer 1

italian explorer who landed in the americas (for spain).

Question 2

colony

Answer 2

a land controlled by another nation.

Question 3

hernando cortés

Answer 3

a spaniard conquistador who landed on the shores of mexico, colonized the caribbean islands, and defeated the aztec.

Question 4

conquistadors

Answer 4

spanish soldiers, explorers, and fortune hunters who took part in the conquest of the americas in the 16th century (spanish explorers in the americas).

Question 5

francisco pizarro

Answer 5

spanish conquistador who marched a small force into south america and defeated the inca.

Question 6

atahualpa

Answer 6

last incan ruler. met with francisco pizarro, was ambushed along with his force, captured, and strangled.

Question 7

mestizo

Answer 7

a person of mixed spanish and native american ancestry.

Question 8

encomienda

Answer 8

system of mining and farming using natives as slave labor. a grant of land made by spain to a settler in the americas, including to right to use native americans as laborers on it.

Question 9

new france

Answer 9

area of the americas explored and claimed by france. founded by samuel de champlain and 32 colonists (used to be quebec).

Question 10

jamestown

Answer 10

first permanent settlement in america. invested by the virginia company. english colony.

Question 11

pilgrims

Answer 11

group of people who founded the colony of plymouth in massachusetts to escape religious persecution in england.

Question 12

puritans

Answer 12

a group of people who sought freedom from religious persecution from the Church england by founding a colony at massachusetts bay in the early 1600s.

Question 13

new netherland

Answer 13

dutch colony begun in modern new york city. located around areas of hudson waterways and tradeposts near.

Question 14

french and indian war

Answer 14

conflict between britain and france for control of territory in north america, lasting from 1754-1763.

Question 15

metacom

Answer 15

native american leader who led an attack on the villages of massachusetts. also called king phillip.

Question 16

atlantic slave trade

Answer 16

the buying, transporting, and selling of africans for work in the americas.

Question 17

triangular trade

Answer 17

the transatlantic trading network along which slaves and other goods were carried between africa, england, europe, the west indies, and the colonies in the americas.

Question 18

middle passage

Answer 18

the voyage that brought captured africans to the west indies, and later to north and south america, to be sold as slaves (so called because it was considered the middle leg of the triangular trade).

Question 19

columbia’s exchange

Answer 19

the global transfer of plants, animals, and diseases that occurred during the european colonization of the americas.

Question 20

capitalism

Answer 20

an economic system based on private ownership and on the investment of money in business ventures in order to make a profit.

Question 21

joint-stock company

Answer 21

a business/company in which investors pool their wealth for a common purpose, then share the profits.

Question 22

medcantalism

Answer 22

an economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver by selling more goods than they bought.

Question 23

favorable balance of trade

Answer 23

an economic situation in which a country sells more goods abroad than it buys from abroad.