chp 20 test Flashcards
chrostopher columbus
italian explorer who landed in the americas (for spain).
colony
a land controlled by another nation.
hernando cortés
a spaniard conquistador who landed on the shores of mexico, colonized the caribbean islands, and defeated the aztec.
conquistadors
spanish soldiers, explorers, and fortune hunters who took part in the conquest of the americas in the 16th century (spanish explorers in the americas).
francisco pizarro
spanish conquistador who marched a small force into south america and defeated the inca.
atahualpa
last incan ruler. met with francisco pizarro, was ambushed along with his force, captured, and strangled.
mestizo
a person of mixed spanish and native american ancestry.
encomienda
system of mining and farming using natives as slave labor. a grant of land made by spain to a settler in the americas, including to right to use native americans as laborers on it.
new france
area of the americas explored and claimed by france. founded by samuel de champlain and 32 colonists (used to be quebec).
jamestown
first permanent settlement in america. invested by the virginia company. english colony.
pilgrims
group of people who founded the colony of plymouth in massachusetts to escape religious persecution in england.
puritans
a group of people who sought freedom from religious persecution from the Church england by founding a colony at massachusetts bay in the early 1600s.
new netherland
dutch colony begun in modern new york city. located around areas of hudson waterways and tradeposts near.
french and indian war
conflict between britain and france for control of territory in north america, lasting from 1754-1763.
metacom
native american leader who led an attack on the villages of massachusetts. also called king phillip.
atlantic slave trade
the buying, transporting, and selling of africans for work in the americas.
triangular trade
the transatlantic trading network along which slaves and other goods were carried between africa, england, europe, the west indies, and the colonies in the americas.
middle passage
the voyage that brought captured africans to the west indies, and later to north and south america, to be sold as slaves (so called because it was considered the middle leg of the triangular trade).
columbia’s exchange
the global transfer of plants, animals, and diseases that occurred during the european colonization of the americas.
capitalism
an economic system based on private ownership and on the investment of money in business ventures in order to make a profit.
joint-stock company
a business/company in which investors pool their wealth for a common purpose, then share the profits.
medcantalism
an economic policy under which nations sought to increase their wealth and power by obtaining large amounts of gold and silver by selling more goods than they bought.
favorable balance of trade
an economic situation in which a country sells more goods abroad than it buys from abroad.
