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ACE Exam revievw > Chp 16 - addl diseases/conditions/consideration > Flashcards

Chp 16 - addl diseases/conditions/consideration Flashcards

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1
Q

From CDC, chronic diseases affect how many US adults

A

1 in two

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2
Q

Lipid parameters associated with CVD

A

Elevated LDL and total cholesterol
Low HDL
Elevated TGs

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3
Q

Chronic elevated TGs associated with….

A

endothelial dysfunction AND an independent risk factor for CVD

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4
Q

Primary lipoproteins are…

A

LDL - major carrier, 60-70% of cholesterol

VLDL - major carrier of TG, 10-15% of total chol

IDL - formed from the b’down of VLDL, similar to LDL

HDL - made in SI and LIV – 20-30% of chol – TRANSPORTS lipids to the liver for recycling and removal. INVERSELY correlated with CVD

Non-HDL - TOTAL chol MINUS HD —OR— sum of LDL, VLDL, and IDL; STRONGLY associated with CVD

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5
Q

LDL chol values - optimal & very high

HDL, low and high

Total cholesterol

A

<100, >/equal to 190

HDL Low = <40

HDL High = >/= to 60

TOTAL = desirable, <200
High = >/= 240

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6
Q

TG normal

High

Very high

A

<150

High = 200-499

Very High = >/= 500

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7
Q

Prevalence of high cholesterol (>/= 240)

A

28.5 million
11.9% US adults

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8
Q

Most likely secondary cause of elevated/high - for those genetically predisposed

A

Sedentary
Excessive saturated fat, cholesterol, and trans fats

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9
Q

Dietary recs for managing dyslipidemia…

A

Lower LDL – 5-6% calories from sat fat, LIMIT sweets, sugar sweetened bevs, red meats

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10
Q

Exercise and lipid issues - type of exercise best? Plus what other factor?

A

Aerobic exercise PLUS weight loss - significant improvement

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11
Q

Typical problems contributing to dyslipidemia..

A

Sedentary lifestyle PLUS excess sat and trans fats, and cholesterol

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12
Q

Cancer, referred to as…

A

collection of approx 200 related diseases characterized by uncontrolled spread & growth of abnormal cells

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13
Q

Classification of different cancers based on…

A

cell type from which they orginate

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14
Q

Prevalence…

A

one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide

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15
Q

Three general phases of cancer survivorship…

A

1) tx and recovery

2) living after recovery - survivors dz free or have stable dz

3) advanced cancer and end of life

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16
Q

Causes of cancer..

A

1) environmental exposures
2) lifestyle practices
3) medical interventions
4) viral infections
5) genetic traits
6) gender
7) aging

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17
Q

30% of deaths related to five leading behavior and dietary risks:

A

1) high BMI

2) low intake of fruits and veggies

3) physical inactivity

4) tobacco use

5) alcohol intake

18
Q

Goals of nutritional care with cancer…

A

1) prevent/resolve nutrient deficiencies
2) achieve/maintain health weight
3) preserve LBM
4) minimize nutrition related side effects
5) max quality of life

19
Q

Physical activity protection against acquiring cancers…how?

e.g. which cancers

A

balancing caloric intake with EE

other means = changes affecting hormonal environment(s)

colon, endometrial, ovarian, breast

20
Q

Exercise in the TREATMENT of cancer is to….

A

maintain and improve CV conditioning
prevent MSK deterioration
reduce symptoms, e.g. nausea, fatigue
improve mental outlook and quality of life

21
Q

American Cancer Society nutrition guidelines

A

Limit processed meat and red meat

Consume 2.5 cups of veggies and fruits daily

Choose whole grains vs. refined

Alcohol — limit consumption to no > than 1 drink/day for women and 2 drinks/day for men

22
Q

Most common forms of arthritis

A

OA - leading cause of disability in the US

RA

23
Q

Majority of cases d/t…

A

secondary to trauma and/or obesity

24
Q

Joints most often affected by OA

A

C and L spine, hip, knee, distal joints of hand

25
Q

Classification of functional status for RA

A

I = able to do self care and ADL, vocational and avo

II = able to do self care and vocational, lmtd avo

III - able to do self care, lmtd vocational and avo

IV = limited in self care, vocational and avo

26
Q

Optimal approach to OA

A

exercise and weight loss

27
Q

Primary goals of exercise

A

1) improve CV fitness and lower CAD risk
2) increase mm endurance and strength
3) maintain or improve ROM and joint flexibility

28
Q

special considerations for exercise

A

Acute flare ups, pain –> avoid STRENUOUS exercise, gentle ROM is fine

Pain lasting longer than 2 hours post exercise, higher than pre session = reduce duration or intensity

29
Q

LBP defn

A

recurring or persistent condition with a fluctuating course over time

Acute = < 3 mos
Chronic = > 3 mos

30
Q

Typical age

A

45-64 years

80% of people will have a bout in their lifetime

31
Q

Acute LBP is usually ______________ in nature

A

mechanical – yet underlying cause is unknown so tx is uncertain

32
Q

Strategies for enhancing back health

A

a) prevent deconditioning of mm around spine

b) avoid painful ROM

c) choose low or nonimpact activities - cardiorespiratory endurance, e.g. walking, recumbent biking

33
Q

Osteoporosis defn

A

bone mineral density (BMD) that is 2.5 standard deviations or more below the mean

Characterized by low bone mass and disrupted microarchitecture

34
Q

Most common fracture sites

A

proximal femur, vertebrae spinal, distal forearm

35
Q

Why are hip fractures most devastating?

A

associated with severe disability and increased mortality

36
Q

Osteopenia bone density

A

between 1.0-2.5 standard deviations below the mean

37
Q

Two most important nutrients are

A

Calcium and Vit D

38
Q

Alcohol association, and servings

3 risks

A

More than 2 drinks/day for women

3 drinks/day for men

Impaired bone health
Increased risk of falling
Potential alcoholism

39
Q

Vit D recs dosage

A

Under age 50 = 400-800 IU

50 and older = 800-1000 IU

Safe upper limit is 4,000 IU/day

40
Q

Healthy range vit d in blood

A

30-60 ng/mL

41
Q

Exercise and osteoporosis - 2 primary goals

A

1) retain and/or prevent loss of bone minerals

2) decrease the risk of falls/fractures

ACE Exam revievw (16 decks)

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