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Physiology > Chp 16/17 > Flashcards

Chp 16/17 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name given to the neurons that monitor carbon dioxide levels in the blood and are located in the carotid and aortic arteries

A

Chemoreceptors

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2
Q

A (long or short) blood vessel with (small or large) diameter would have the greatest resistance to blood flow

A

Long and small

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3
Q

Pulmonary circulation goes from the (right or left) (atrium or ventricle) to the (right or left) (atrium or ventricle)

A

Right ventricle

Left atrium

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4
Q

Which blood vessel (s) contains blood with the highest oxygen content

A

Pulmonary vein

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5
Q

From which major blood vessel do all systemic blood vessels branch

A

Aorta

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6
Q

Which circulatory route brings blood to the tissues and back to the heart

A

Systemic

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7
Q

Which circulatory path carries blood rich in substances absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract

A

Hepatic portal vein

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8
Q

(Arteries or veins) (closest to or farthest from) the heart have the lowest blood pressure

A

Veins

Closest to

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9
Q

Vascular resistance is primarily due to which factor

A

Friction between blood - walls

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10
Q

When the left ventricle contracts, what term is given to the pressure in arteries that is generated

A

Systolic

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11
Q

In fetal circulation, which structure connects the fetal pulmonary trunk to the aorta, allowing much blood to bypass the lungs

A

Ductus arteriosus

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12
Q

Stimulation of the _____ would cause the heart rate the decrease

A

Vagus nerves

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13
Q

In the fetus what is the opening that allows blood to pass directly from the right atrium to the left atrium

A

Foramen ovale

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14
Q

With aging, cardiac muscle fibers ____in size

A

Decrease

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15
Q

Defense of the body that are present at birth are referred to as ____ immunity

A

Innate

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16
Q

The fetal circulation differs from adult circulation because of which organ system that is nonfunctional

A

Respiratory

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17
Q

As blood passes from the superior and inferior vena cavae to the lungs it moves through the (right or left) (atrium or ventricle) to the (right or left) (atrium or ventricle) and out through the (pulmonary trunk or pulmonary veins)

A

Right atrium to the
Right ventricle to the
Pulmonary trunk

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18
Q

Carry blood away from the heart

A

Arteries

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19
Q

Vessels with high blood pressure

A

Arteries

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20
Q

Vessels with the fastest flow

A

Arteries

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21
Q

Vessels that exchange food and waste between blood and tissues

A

Capillaries

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22
Q

Vessels that return interstitial fluid to the bloodstream

A

Lymphatic vessels

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23
Q

Vessels with slowest blood flow

A

Capillaries

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24
Q

Vessels with a thick muscle layer

A

Arteries

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25
Vessels with very thin walls, only have a single layer of cells
Capillaries
26
Vessels with the smallest internal diameter
Capillaries
27
Vessels with a very thin muscle layer
Veins
28
Vessels that exhibit a pulse
Arteries
29
Vessels that bring blood to almost every cell in the body
Capillaries
30
Known as "exchange vessels"
Capillaries
31
What are the cells that migrate to the thymus and when mature are able to attack microbes directly
t-cells
32
What name is given to blood flow from the heart to the lungs
Pulmonary
33
Blood pressure is measured by listening for a constricted ___ to "pop" open
Artery
34
The backward flow of fluid is veins and lymphatics is prevented by _____
Valves
35
The most important function of the circulatory system is to ____ materials to and from all cells
Transport materials
36
Which layer of the artery contains thick, smooth muscle
Middle
37
Venous blood returns to the heart due to ____ movements and skeletal muscular contractions
Breathing
38
Name several blood vessels commonly used to take pulse
``` Radial carotid brachial popliteal dorsal ```
39
What are the two main methods of capillary exchange
Filtration | Reabsorption
40
Blood pressure is read with _____
Sphygmomanometer
41
Blood typically flows from the heart first to the _____ them to ____ then to
Arteries Capillaries Veins
42
What is the structure who's main function is exchange of nutrients and gases between the blood and tissue
Capillaries
43
The force in which blood pushes against arterial walls during ventricular contraction is called ____ blood pressure
Systolic
44
The hollow center of blood vessels through which blood flows
Lumen
45
Lymph is very similar to this body fluid
Interstitial
46
Structurally, lymphatic vessels most resemble these vessels of the body
Veins
47
``` Which blood pressure would be considered Normal 75/105 108/68 75/90 150/100 ```
108/68
48
Which type of blood vessel is referred to as a blood reservoir
Veins
49
The pulmonary circulation carries blood from the heart to the lungs and back to this chamber
Left atrium
50
The exchange of material between fetal and maternal circulation occurs through this structure
Placenta
51
Name some factors that vascular resistance relates to
Blood viscosity | Blood vessel length and radius
52
At rest, most of the blood in the body is contained in these vessels
Veins
53
In an overweight person, the factor most likely to increase systemic vessel resistance
Vessel length
54
A foreign substance that provokes an immune response in the body
Antigen
55
Which receptors are involved in monitoring blood pressure
Baroreceptors
56
Blood pressure would increase with a (increase or decrease) in heart rate (increase or decrease) in vascular resistance (increase or decrease) in blood volume (increase or decrease) in water retention
Increase for all
57
How would increased cardiac affect blood pressure
Increase
58
How would decreased blood volume affect blood pressure
Decrease
59
How would water retention affect blood pressure
Increase
60
How would increased vascular resistance affect blood pressure
Increase
61
How would increased production of epinephrine affect blood pressure
Increase
62
Proteins that are produced by cells which are infected with viruses
Interferons
63
List some functions of the lymphatic system
Drain interstitial fluid | Transport lipids from GI to blood
64
How would blood viscosity increasing affect vascular resistance
Increase
65
How would increased blood vessel diameter affect vascular resistance
Decrease
66
How would being in arteries compared to capillaries affect vascular resistance
Decrease
67
How would increasing blood vessel length affect vascular resistance
Increase
68
Slow resting heart rate
Bradycardia
69
Saclike dilation of the artery wall
Aneurysm
70
Stretching of walls of veins, especially around valves
Varicose veins
71
Inflammation of vein
Phlebitis
72
Low oxygen availability
Hypoxia
73
Persistently high blood pressure
Hyperextension
74
Rapid resting heart rate
Tachycardia
75
High amount of carbon dioxide in the blood
Hypercamia
76
List some structures involved in the first line of defense against pathogens
Skin, mucous membranes, urinating movements
77
What are inflammation systems
Redness, swelling, pain, heat
78
List some substances that could act as antigens
Food, pollen, bacteria, viruses
79
When a cell is infected by a virus what may the cell produce to help
Interferons
80
Why are lymph nodes important
Filter lymph, store lymphocytes
81
What term is given to the decrease in diameter of a blood vessel due to contraction of the smooth muscle in its walls
Vasoconstriction
82
In general what vessels can we see through our skin
Veins
83
Mucous membranes would be considered to be a _____ line of defense against pathogens
First
84
Which lymphatic organ is located posterior to the stermum
Thymus
85
Name the major components of the lymphatic system
Red bone marrow Lymph Lymph vessels Structures containing lymphatic tissue
86
Which cells produce antibodies
B-cells
87
Which is the largest single mass of lymphatic tissue in the body
Spleen
88
Which lymphocytes are found in lymph nodes
Mature b-cells
89
Where are damaged and worn out red blood cells destroyed
Spleen
90
Where is cardiovascular center located
Medulla

Physiology (12 decks)

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