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Physiology > Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Flashcards

0
Q

Type of Muscle tissue with limited capacity to regenerate

A

Cardiac and skeletal muscle

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1
Q

Type of Muscle tissue with several nuclei per myofiber

A

Skeletal muscle

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2
Q

Type of muscle tissue with Striated appearance

A

Cardiac and skeletal muscle

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3
Q

Type of muscle tissue with parallel arrangement of muscle fibers

A

Skeletal muscle

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4
Q

Type of muscle tissue with cells tapered at each end

A

Smooth muscle

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5
Q

Type of muscle tissue with one nucleus per fiber

A

Cardiac and smooth muscle

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6
Q

Type of muscle tissue found in the heart

A

Cardiac muscle

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7
Q

Type of muscle tissue with branching arrangement of muscle fibers

A

Cardiac muscle

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8
Q

Type of muscle tissue that appears nonstriated or smooth

A

Smooth muscle

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9
Q

Type of muscle tissue with voluntary control

A

Skeletal muscle

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10
Q

Type of muscle tissue with involuntary control

A

Cardiac and smooth muscle

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11
Q

Type of muscle tissue located on the walls of hollow internal structures

A

Smooth muscle

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12
Q

Major Functions of muscles

A

Movement, body positions, stabilize, regulate organ volume, heat production and movement of substances

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13
Q

slight, constant contraction during consciousness

A

Tone

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14
Q

Shortens the muscles and causes movement

A

Isotonic

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15
Q

Increases muscle tension but no movement occurs

A

Isometric

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16
Q

Continuous sustained contraction allowing smooth movement

A

Tetanus

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17
Q

Stair step increase in congestion with repeated stimulation before muscle has completely relaxed

A

Summation

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18
Q

Does the length of actin and myosin filaments change during muscle conntraction

A

No

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19
Q

This is essential for maintaining posture

A

Muscle tone

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20
Q

third phase or period of muscle twitch contraction

A

Relaxation

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21
Q

Structures in enlarged bulb of axon provide energy to make ACh

A

Mitochondria

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22
Q

State of limpness in which muscle tone is lost

A

Flaccid

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23
Q

Cytoplasm of a muscle fiber

A

Sarcoplasm

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24
Q

Tissue responsible for most hear production going on in the body

A

Muscle tissue

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25
Q

Skeletal muscles have good or bad blood and nerve supply

A

Good

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26
Q

All the Muscle fibers in this contract or relax together

A

Motor unit

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27
Q

Movement of these ions from outside sarcolemma to inside causes an action potential to begin to move along

A

Calcium ions

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28
Q

Dietary supplement the some studies show may result in more lifting power

A

Creatine

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29
Q

Storage form of glucose in our liver and muscles

A

Glycogen

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30
Q

Anaerobic process provides enough energy for 30-40 seconds of maximal activity

A

Glycolysis

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31
Q

Connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone

A

Tendon

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32
Q

Source of energy for muscle contraction

A

ATP

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33
Q

Another name for action potential

A

Nerve impulse

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34
Q

Required by mitochondria in the aerobic production of energy for muscle contraction

A

Oxygen

35
Q

Another name for muscle cells

A

Fibers

36
Q

Cell membrane of muscle cells

A

Sarcolemma

37
Q

Alternate light and dark bands running through the Sarcoplasm of a muscle cell

A

Striations

38
Q

Single nerve fiber and the muscle fibers it supplies

A

Motor unit

39
Q

Chemical necessary to transfer the nerve impulse to stimulate the muscle

A

Acetylcholine (ACh)

40
Q

Time between application of a stimulus and the actual shortening of the muscle

A

Latent period

41
Q

Two types of skeletal muscle contractions needed for normal body movements

A

Isotonic and tetanus

42
Q

Connection between nerve fiber and muscle fiber

A

Neuromuscular junction

43
Q

Brief contraction of all muscle fibers of a motor unit in response to a single stimulus

A

Twitch contraction

44
Q

Most of the Ca+2 is found here when a fuscle fiber is relaxed

A

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

45
Q

Stiffening of muscles after death due to Ca+2 leaking out of the sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

Rigor Mortis

46
Q

Neurotransmitter released from the synaptic vesicles of neurons supplying skeletal muscles

A

ACh

47
Q

Thick myofilament with enlarged heads to form cross bridges

A

Myosin

48
Q

Multinucleated muscle tissue

A

Skeletal

49
Q

Muscle tissue Found in blood vessels and stomach

A

Smooth

50
Q

Voluntary muscle tissue

A

Skeletal

51
Q

Branched with intercalated discs muscle tissue

A

Cardiac

52
Q

Spindle shaped muscle tissue

A

Smooth

53
Q

Cylindrical shaped and unbranched muscle tissue

A

Skeletal

54
Q

Striated muscle tissue

A

Skeletal and cardiac

55
Q

Involuntary muscle tissue

A

Smooth and cardiac

56
Q

Unstriated muscle tissue

A

Smooth

57
Q

Attached to bones muscle tissue

A

Skeletal

58
Q

Longest individual cells muscle tissue

A

Skeletal

59
Q

Nonstriated muscle tissue

A

Smooth

60
Q

CT sheath that surround a fascicle

A

Perimysium

61
Q

Extension of CT Sheaths to attach the muscle to bone

A

Tendon

62
Q

CT that surrounds an entire muscle

A

Epimysium

63
Q

CT that surround each muscle fiber

A

Endomysium

64
Q

Bundle of muscle fibers

A

Fascicle

65
Q

Another name for muscle cells

A

Muscle fibers

66
Q

Functional unit within muscle fibers

A

Sarcomere

67
Q

Cytoplasm with muscle fibers

A

Sarcoplasm

68
Q

Reddish pigment in muscle fiber that stores oxygen

A

Myoglobin

69
Q

Thicker type of filament in muscle fiber that has heads on it

A

Myosin

70
Q

Thin dark zig zag line that separates sarcomere

A

Z disc

71
Q

Muscle fibers cell membrane

A

Sarcolemma

72
Q

Thinner type of of myofilament–myosin attaches to it

A

Actin

73
Q

Ion stored in SR that is released to trigger muscle contraction

A

Calcium

74
Q

Small tube that connects SR in a muscle fiber transversely

A

T-tubule

75
Q

ER of muscle fiber

A

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

76
Q

Cylindrical structures running lengthwise through the fiber and consist of actin and myosin

A

Myofibrils

77
Q

Brief contraction of all fibers of a motor unit in response to a single stimulus

A

Twitch

78
Q

Recording of a muscle contraction

A

Myogram

79
Q

Period between application of a stimulus and start of a contraction

A

Latent period

80
Q

Active transport of calcium ions back into SR is occurring

A

relaxation period

81
Q

Period when actual shortening is taking place

A

Contraction period

82
Q

sustained contraction due to stimulation at a rate of 20-100 seconds

A

Tetanus

83
Q

More forceful contraction on response to a stimulus that arrives

A

Summation

84
Q

Contraction in which length of muscle doesn’t change but tension increases

A

Isometric

85
Q

Contraction in which length of muscle changes while it’s tension stays relatively constant

A

Isotonic

Physiology (12 decks)

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