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Physiology > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

0
Q

Semi fluid portion of the cytoplasm

A

Cytosol

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1
Q

Protein synthesis occurs here

A

Ribosomes

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2
Q

Control center

A

Nucleus

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3
Q

Intracellular structures with specific functions

A

Organelles

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4
Q

Responsible for forming spindle during mitosis

A

Centrosome

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5
Q

Modifies, sorts, packages and delivers proteins and lipids

A

Golgi complex

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6
Q

Organelles that destroy bacteria and recycle worn out cell parts

A

Lysosomes

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7
Q

Non-membranous chemical substances that are produced and used by cells

A

Inclusions

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8
Q

Located inside the nucleus and helps assemble ribosomes

A

Nucleolus

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9
Q

Cellular respiration occurs here

A

Mitochondria

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10
Q

Passive transport depends in what kind of energy to move materials

A

Kinetic

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11
Q

When a solution equals equilibrium, an _________ number or molecules move in and out of cell

A

Equal

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12
Q

Mechanisms that move substances across a cell membrane requiring energy are known as

A

Active transport

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13
Q

______ Is the unfolding of a cells membrane around a liquid droplet to bring it into the cell

A

Pinocytosis

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14
Q

In passive transport, net movement of substances is ________ their concentration gradient

A

Down

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15
Q

Movement of any substances from a high concentration to a low concentration whether or not a membrane is involved is called _______

A

Simple diffusion

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16
Q

Movement of a substance from a low concentration to a high concentration is ____

A

Active transport

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17
Q

In exocytosis, these structures unite with the cell membrane and release their contents to the outside of the cell

A

Vesicles

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18
Q

Phagocytosis is the process by which ______ are taken through a cell membrane

A

Insoluble solids / large particles

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19
Q

Gradient means

A

Difference

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20
Q

Majority of the plasma membrane is composed of

A

Phosolipids

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21
Q

Cellular contents located between the plasma membrane and the nuclear membrane are called the ______

A

Cytoplasm

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22
Q

Two types of ER

A

Smooth ER / Rough ER

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23
Q

Attached to the rough ER

A

Ribosomes

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24
Q

The function of the ______ is lipid (fatty acid production) and carbohydrate (release of glucose) metabolism

A

Smooth ER

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25
Q

Largest cell structure and contains both DNA and the nucleolus

A

Nucleus

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26
Q

Inclusion examples

A

Melanin, glycogen, fats

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27
Q

Composed of 75%-90% water

A

Cytosol

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28
Q

Raises or lowers condenser

A

Condenser adjustment kno

29
Q

Secures a slide for viewing

A

Slide holder

30
Q

Lens, located beneath the stage opening which controls the light beam size

A

Condenser

31
Q

Used for preliminary focusing

A

Coarse adjustment knob

32
Q

Platform on which slides are placed

A

Stage

33
Q

Used for fine focusing

A

Fine adjustment knob

34
Q

Part of microscope used for carrying

A

Arm

35
Q

Controls the intensity of the light

A

Iris

36
Q

Term that is given to a microscopes ability to distinguish and separate fine detail

A

Resolving power

37
Q

Objective that comes closest to a specimen and is most likely to break a slide

A

100x oil immersion

38
Q

To find a total magnification you

A

Multiply the ocular (x) the objective

39
Q

Under low power you see more or less of the object compared to high power

A

More

40
Q

What property of the microscope allows you to change from one objective to another without having to make major focusing adjustments

A

Parfocal

41
Q

Red blood cells may swell and rupture of placed in a solution

A

Hypotonic

42
Q

Hypertonic means that a solution has more _____ as compared to another solution

A

More solute/less solvent

43
Q

Movement of a substance from high to low concentration through the plasma membrane with the help of a channel protein is known as

A

Facilitated diffusion

44
Q

Cellular support and movement

A

Cytoskeleton

45
Q

Selective permeability

A

Plasma membrane

46
Q

Protein synthesis

A

Ribosomes

47
Q

Lipid synthesis, detoxification

A

Smooth ER

48
Q

Packages and sorts proteins and lipids

A

Golgi complex

49
Q

ATP production

A

Mitochondria

50
Q

Digest bacteria, worn out organelles

A

Lysosomes

51
Q

Forms mitoic spindles

A

Centrosomes

52
Q

Short hair like structures on the surface of some cells

A

Cilia

53
Q

Long cell production used to propel sperm cells

A

Flagella

54
Q

Chemical substances produced by cells; not bounded by a membrane

A

Inclusions

55
Q

Hypotonic example of concentration of a solution the RBC’s might be placed in

A

Anything less than 0.9%

56
Q

Isotonic example of concentration of a solution the RBC’s might be placed in

A

0.9%

57
Q

Hypertonic example of concentration of a solution the RBC’s might be placed in

A

Anything more than 0.9%

58
Q

(Hypotonic) net movement of moving more water in

A

Hemolysis

59
Q

(Hypertonic) net movement of water moves more out

A

Crenation

60
Q

Two major types of molecules in plasma membrane

A

Phospholipids, protein

61
Q

_____ makes up most of the plasma membrane’s framework

A

Phospholipids

62
Q

Protein extend across the plasma membrane, helping move substances in and out of the cell, acting as recognition sites for hormones, or serving as enzymes to speed reactions

A

Integral

63
Q

Proteins loosely attached to the surfaces of the cell membrane, serving as a cytoskeleton anchors or cell identity markers

A

Peripheral

64
Q

Movement of substances across and cell membrane using cellular energy (ATP)

A

Active transport

65
Q

Movement of substances across a cell membrane using no cellular energy

A

Passive transport

66
Q

Net movement of any substances (such as cocoa powder in hot milk) from region of high concentration to region of lower concentration: membrane not required

A

Simple diffusion

67
Q

Moment across semi permeable membrane (high to low) with help from a carrier, ATP not required

A

Facilitated diffusion

68
Q

Net movement of water (high to low) across semipermeable membrane (important in maintaining normal cell size and shape)

A

Osmosis

69
Q

Movement of molecules (high to low) pressure zone, as in response to force of blood pressure

A

Filtration

Physiology (12 decks)

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