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Physiology > Chapter 3 > Flashcards

Chapter 3 Flashcards

0
Q

Semi fluid portion of the cytoplasm

A

Cytosol

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1
Q

Protein synthesis occurs here

A

Ribosomes

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2
Q

Control center

A

Nucleus

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3
Q

Intracellular structures with specific functions

A

Organelles

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4
Q

Responsible for forming spindle during mitosis

A

Centrosome

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5
Q

Modifies, sorts, packages and delivers proteins and lipids

A

Golgi complex

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6
Q

Organelles that destroy bacteria and recycle worn out cell parts

A

Lysosomes

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7
Q

Non-membranous chemical substances that are produced and used by cells

A

Inclusions

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8
Q

Located inside the nucleus and helps assemble ribosomes

A

Nucleolus

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9
Q

Cellular respiration occurs here

A

Mitochondria

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10
Q

Passive transport depends in what kind of energy to move materials

A

Kinetic

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11
Q

When a solution equals equilibrium, an _________ number or molecules move in and out of cell

A

Equal

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12
Q

Mechanisms that move substances across a cell membrane requiring energy are known as

A

Active transport

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13
Q

______ Is the unfolding of a cells membrane around a liquid droplet to bring it into the cell

A

Pinocytosis

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14
Q

In passive transport, net movement of substances is ________ their concentration gradient

A

Down

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15
Q

Movement of any substances from a high concentration to a low concentration whether or not a membrane is involved is called _______

A

Simple diffusion

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16
Q

Movement of a substance from a low concentration to a high concentration is ____

A

Active transport

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17
Q

In exocytosis, these structures unite with the cell membrane and release their contents to the outside of the cell

A

Vesicles

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18
Q

Phagocytosis is the process by which ______ are taken through a cell membrane

A

Insoluble solids / large particles

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19
Q

Gradient means

A

Difference

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20
Q

Majority of the plasma membrane is composed of

A

Phosolipids

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21
Q

Cellular contents located between the plasma membrane and the nuclear membrane are called the ______

A

Cytoplasm

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22
Q

Two types of ER

A

Smooth ER / Rough ER

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23
Q

Attached to the rough ER

A

Ribosomes

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24
The function of the ______ is lipid (fatty acid production) and carbohydrate (release of glucose) metabolism
Smooth ER
25
Largest cell structure and contains both DNA and the nucleolus
Nucleus
26
Inclusion examples
Melanin, glycogen, fats
27
Composed of 75%-90% water
Cytosol
28
Raises or lowers condenser
Condenser adjustment kno
29
Secures a slide for viewing
Slide holder
30
Lens, located beneath the stage opening which controls the light beam size
Condenser
31
Used for preliminary focusing
Coarse adjustment knob
32
Platform on which slides are placed
Stage
33
Used for fine focusing
Fine adjustment knob
34
Part of microscope used for carrying
Arm
35
Controls the intensity of the light
Iris
36
Term that is given to a microscopes ability to distinguish and separate fine detail
Resolving power
37
Objective that comes closest to a specimen and is most likely to break a slide
100x oil immersion
38
To find a total magnification you
Multiply the ocular (x) the objective
39
Under low power you see more or less of the object compared to high power
More
40
What property of the microscope allows you to change from one objective to another without having to make major focusing adjustments
Parfocal
41
Red blood cells may swell and rupture of placed in a solution
Hypotonic
42
Hypertonic means that a solution has more _____ as compared to another solution
More solute/less solvent
43
Movement of a substance from high to low concentration through the plasma membrane with the help of a channel protein is known as
Facilitated diffusion
44
Cellular support and movement
Cytoskeleton
45
Selective permeability
Plasma membrane
46
Protein synthesis
Ribosomes
47
Lipid synthesis, detoxification
Smooth ER
48
Packages and sorts proteins and lipids
Golgi complex
49
ATP production
Mitochondria
50
Digest bacteria, worn out organelles
Lysosomes
51
Forms mitoic spindles
Centrosomes
52
Short hair like structures on the surface of some cells
Cilia
53
Long cell production used to propel sperm cells
Flagella
54
Chemical substances produced by cells; not bounded by a membrane
Inclusions
55
Hypotonic example of concentration of a solution the RBC's might be placed in
Anything less than 0.9%
56
Isotonic example of concentration of a solution the RBC's might be placed in
0.9%
57
Hypertonic example of concentration of a solution the RBC's might be placed in
Anything more than 0.9%
58
(Hypotonic) net movement of moving more water in
Hemolysis
59
(Hypertonic) net movement of water moves more out
Crenation
60
Two major types of molecules in plasma membrane
Phospholipids, protein
61
_____ makes up most of the plasma membrane's framework
Phospholipids
62
Protein extend across the plasma membrane, helping move substances in and out of the cell, acting as recognition sites for hormones, or serving as enzymes to speed reactions
Integral
63
Proteins loosely attached to the surfaces of the cell membrane, serving as a cytoskeleton anchors or cell identity markers
Peripheral
64
Movement of substances across and cell membrane using cellular energy (ATP)
Active transport
65
Movement of substances across a cell membrane using no cellular energy
Passive transport
66
Net movement of any substances (such as cocoa powder in hot milk) from region of high concentration to region of lower concentration: membrane not required
Simple diffusion
67
Moment across semi permeable membrane (high to low) with help from a carrier, ATP not required
Facilitated diffusion
68
Net movement of water (high to low) across semipermeable membrane (important in maintaining normal cell size and shape)
Osmosis
69
Movement of molecules (high to low) pressure zone, as in response to force of blood pressure
Filtration

Physiology (12 decks)

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