Chp 14 Flashcards

1
Q

Categories of verbal operants

A

Echoic, mand, tact, intraverbal

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2
Q

Echoic

A

Teaching a baby to say mama through echoing the speaker
Verbal operant where the response resembles the verbal antecedent stimulus and is maintained with a variety of socially mediated reinforcers

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3
Q

Mand

A

Asking for something that will satisfy a current need. Demanding to be listened to.
Verbal operant occasioned by an establishing operation and maintained by the verbally specified reinforcer.
Asking for water and getting water

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4
Q

Tact

A

When “water” is a tact it’s said in the presence of water. Operant in contact with stimulus.
Verbal operant occasioned by a nonverbal stimulus and maintained by a variety of social reinforcers

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5
Q

Intraverbal

A

Replying “I’m good” when asked “how are you”. The verbal responses are different but both reinforced
Verbal response occasioned by a verbal discriminative stimulus but the form of the response doesn’t resemble that stimulus; intraverbals are maintained by a variety of social reinforcers.

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6
Q

Verbal operants usage

A

Echoics- acquiring new words
Mands- recruiting the aid of others
Tacts- helping others
Intraverbals- interacting socially

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7
Q

Techniques in teaching verbal operants

A
  • contact with antecedent stimulus
  • prompting and fading the correct verbal response
  • shaping
  • arrange an effective reinforcer
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8
Q

Skinner’s functional approach to human language focused on…

A

The behavior of the speaker

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9
Q

Symmetric relational responding

A

The behavior of relating two arbitrary stimuli as, in many ways, the same.
Understanding that a picture of a cow and the word “cow” mean the same thing

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10
Q

Key ingredient in verbal behavior

A

Symmetric relational responding

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11
Q

Multiple exemplar training

A

Teaching an individual to symmetrically relate arbitrary stimuli, over and over again, with multiple examples.
Being able to identify all the different kinds of farm animals

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12
Q

Stimulus equivalence

A

The individual relates all of the stimuli, in many ways, we equivalent to one another.
Learning that “horse”, a physical horse, a picture of a horse, and “colt” are all the same.

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13
Q

Psychological function of verbal stimuli

A

The emotion-evoking function of verbal stimuli, despite those stimuli having never acquired Pavlovian CS function

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14
Q

Contingency-shaped behavior

A

Behavior acquired and maintained by interacting with the contingencies of reinforcement alone

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15
Q

Rule-governed behavior

A

Behavior influenced by a verbal description of the operative 3-term contingency (antecedent-behavior-consequence).

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16
Q

Types of rule-governed behavior

A

Pliance
Tracking

17
Q

Pliance (compliance)

A

Rule governed behavior occurring bc of socially mediated positive or negative reinforcers.
Standing for the anthem at the rodeo but not while watching the Olympics at home.

18
Q

Tracking

A

Rule-following occurring bc the instructions appear to correctly describe operant contingencies (reinforcement, extinction, or punishment) that operate in the world.

19
Q

Rule following occurs bc…

A

doing so allows us to access reinforcers that would otherwise be difficult to obtain.

20
Q

Examples of functional relationships

A

Pliance & contingent socially mediated reinforcers.
Tracking & contingencies in the natural world.

21
Q

Pliance is likely if…

A

The individual or group giving the instruction controls powerful reinforcers.
Pliance is unlikely with punishment

22
Q

ACT therapy

A

Acceptance & commitment therapy

23
Q

Acceptance

A

Approaching the thought, so as to examine it flexibly, with a sense of curiosity

24
Q

Values as defined in ACT

A

Client selected qualities of behavior that may be continuously emitted without reaching an end-goal

25
Q

Successful values-driven actions will produce…

A

The reinforcers best suited to maintaining the client’s adaptive behavior