Chp 13 Vocab

Question 1

afterload

Answer 1

The force or resistance against which the heart pumps.

Question 2

anaphylactic shock

Answer 2

Severe shock caused by an allergic reaction.

Question 3

anaphylaxis

Answer 3

An extreme, life-threatening, systemic allergic reaction that may include shock and respiratory failure.

Question 4

aneurysm

Answer 4

A swelling or enlargement of a part of an artery, resulting from weakening of the arterial wall

Question 5

autonomic nervous system

Answer 5

The part of the nervous system that regulates involuntary activities of the body, such as heart rate, blood pressure, and digestion of food.

Question 6

cardiac tamponade

Answer 6

Compression of the heart as the result of buildup of blood or other fluid in the pericardial sac, leading to decreased cardiac output.

Question 7

cardiogenic shock

Answer 7

A state in which not enough oxygen is delivered to the tissues of the body, caused by low output of blood from the heart. It can be a severe complication of a large acute myocardial infarction, as well as other conditions.

Question 8

compensated shock

Answer 8

The early stage of shock, in which the body can still
compensate for blood loss.

Question 9

cyanosis

Answer 9

A blue skin discoloration that is caused by a reduced level of oxygen in the blood. Although paleness, or a decrease in blood flow, can be difficult to detect in dark-skinned people, it may be observed by examining mucous membranes inside the inner lower eyelid and capillary refill. On general observation, the patient may appear ashen or gray.

Question 10

decompensated shock

Answer 10

The late stage of shock when blood pressure is falling.

Question 11

dehydration

Answer 11

Loss of water from the tissues of the body.

Question 12

distributive shock

Answer 12

A condition that occurs when there is widespread dilation of the small arterioles, small venules, or both.
edema The presence of abnormally large amounts of fluid between cells in body tissues, causing swelling of the affected area.

Question 13

homeostasis

Answer 13

A balance of all systems of the body.

Question 14

hypothermia

Answer 14

A condition in which the internal body temperature falls below 95°F (35°C).

Question 15

hypovolemic shock

Answer 15

A condition in which low blood volume, due to massive internal or external bleeding or extensive loss of body water, results in inadequate perfusion.

Question 16

irreversible shock

Answer 16

A condition defined by the inability to successfully achieve resuscitation regardless of the methods employed.

Question 17

myocardial contractility

Answer 17

The ability of the heart muscle to contract.

Question 18

neurogenic shock

Answer 18

Circulatory failure caused by paralysis of the nerves that control the size of the blood vessels, leading to widespread dilation; seen in patients with spinal cord injuries.

Question 19

obstructive shock

Answer 19

Shock that occurs when there is a block to blood flow in the heart or great vessels, causing an insufficient blood supply to the body’s tissues.

Question 20

perfusion

Answer 20

The flow of blood through body tissues and vessels.

Question 21

pericardial effusion

Answer 21

A collection of fluid between the pericardial sac and the myocardium.

Question 22

preload

Answer 22

The precontraction pressure in the heart as the volume of blood builds up.

Question 23

psychogenic shock

Answer 23

Shock caused by a sudden, temporary reduction in blood supply to the brain that causes fainting (syncope).

Question 24

pulmonary embolism

Answer 24

A blood clot that breaks off from a large vein and travels to the blood vessels of the lung, causing obstruction of blood flow.

Question 25

pulse pressure

Answer 25

The difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures.

Question 26

sensitization

Answer 26

Developing a sensitivity to a substance that initially caused no allergic reaction.

Question 27

septic shock

Answer 27

Shock caused by severe infection, usually a bacterial infection.

Question 28

shock

Answer 28

A condition in which the circulatory system fails to provide sufficient circulation to maintain normal cellular functions; also called hypoperfusion.

Question 29

sphincters

Answer 29

Muscles that encircle and, by contracting, constrict a duct, tube, or opening.

Question 30

syncope

Answer 30

A fainting spell or transient loss of consciousness.