Cholinergic and noradrenergic pharmacology

Question 1

Which cholinergic receptor is part of the PSNS

Answer 1

mACHr

-Muscarinic Acetylcholine receptor

Question 2

Which cholinergic receptor is part of the Autonomic SNS

Answer 2

NAd-R

-Noradrenaline Receptor

Question 3

Which cholinergic receptor is part of the somatic Nervous system

Answer 3

nAchR

-Nicotinic Acetylcholine receptor

Question 4

What is the precursor for mAchR

Answer 4

Ach

Question 5

What is the precursor for NAdR

Answer 5

NAd

Question 6

What is the precursor for nAchR

Answer 6

Ach

Question 7

What are the actions of Acetylcholine on the neuromuscular junction

Answer 7

Synthesis
Vesicle storage
Release
Breakdown
Reuptake

Question 8

What are the three main drugs of the NMJ

Answer 8

Botox (Botulinum Toxin)
nAchR Antagonists
Ach-ase Inhibitors

Question 9

What does botox do

Answer 9

Inhibit Ach release by binding to presynaptic vesicle (Cosmetic use)

Question 10

What do Ach-ase inhibitors do

Answer 10

Decrease degradation of Ach to increase Ach conc. in NMJ

Rivastigmine/NED

Question 11

What causes Cholinergic Crisis

Answer 11

Ach Overstimulation @NMJ (SLUDGE)
Salivation
Lacrimation
Urination
Defecation
GI Distress
Emesis

Question 12

What happens if there is overstimulated Ach @NMJ

Answer 12

Cholinergic crisis

• Salivation
• Lacrimation
• Urination
• Defecation
• GI Distress
• Emesis

Question 13

Ach antagonists (TCA/Oxybutinin) would produce a response in cholinergic crisis by…..

Answer 13

Reversing the SLUDGE presentations so they become opposite

Question 14

What mAchR acts on what organ

Answer 14

M1- Brain
M2- Heart
M3- Lungs

Question 15

Describe the actions of Ach down the PSNS

Answer 15

Rest and digest
Pupil/ Bladder /Broncho constriction
Decrease HR
GI motility and secretion
Erection

Question 16

Describe the actions of NAd on the SNS

Answer 16

Fight or flight
Pupil/bladder/bronchodilation
Increase HR
Decrease GI Motility and secretion
Ejaculation

Question 17

Describe the Adrenaline pathway

Answer 17

Tyrosine -> LDOPA -> Dopamine ->NAd -> Adrenaline

Question 18

What are the types of NAdr receptors

Answer 18

Alpha 1 = Vessels/Sphincters
Alpha 2
Beta 1 = Heart
Beta 2 = Lungs

Question 19

Alpha 1 agonists result in what

Answer 19

Increase heart rate
Vasoconstriction
Bladder contraction
Pupil Dilation

Question 20

Beta 1 Agonist result in what

Answer 20

Increase Inotropic force
Increase BP
Renin release

Question 21

Beta 2 Agonist results in what

Answer 21

Bronchodilation

SABA/LABA

Question 22

Dopamine agonists are used in what disorders

Answer 22

Prolactinoma
Acromegaly
Early Parkinons

Question 23

What receptor pharmaceutical can be used to treat Parkinsons

Answer 23

LDOPA (Dopamine precursor)

Question 24

When would you give Dopamine antagonists

Answer 24

Antiemetics (N+V)

Psychiatrics (Haloperidol)

Question 25

Where in the brain are dopamine receptors found

Answer 25

Nucleus accumbens

Question 26

What type of drug is haloperidol

Answer 26

Dopamine antagonist for psychiatric disorders

Question 27

What is the main CNS Neurotransmitter inhibitor

Answer 27

GABA

-Amino acid to regulate mood

Question 28

When can GABA Agonist (Benzodiazepines) be given

Answer 28

Sleep apnoea
Anxiety
Alcohol withdrawal
Huntington’s chorea

Question 29

Give 2 examples of Benzodiazepines (GABA Agonist)

Answer 29

Lorazepam

Diazepam

Question 30

What are H1 antagonists used fo

Answer 30

Allergies in IgE (Loratedine)

Question 31

Give an example of an antihistamine for anaphylaxis

Answer 31

Loratedine

Question 32

What are H2 antagonists used for

Answer 32

2nd line for GORD and High Post PPI Gastric acid

Ranitedine

Question 33

What is Ranitidine used for

Answer 33

GORD as H2 Antagonist

Question 34

What is Glutamate

Answer 34

The main excitatory CNS Neurotransmitter