Carcinogenesis Flashcards
What is the definition of carcinogenesis
neoplastic cell transformation and proliferation by permanent mutation
What is a neoplasm
Autonomous, Abnormal and persistent new growth
-Arise from nucleated cells (No erythrocytes)
What cells can’t neoplasms arise some
Erythrocytes as no nucleus
What is a tumour
An abnormal swelling
-Neoplasm w/ inflammation, hypertrophy and hyperplasia
How are tumours classified by
Behaviour
Histogenesis
Describe Benign behaviour of tumours
Local (No bone marrow involved) Slow Well circumscribed Exophytic (Outward growth) No Ulcer/necrosis
Describe malignant behaviour of tumours
Bone marrow invading Fast mitotic growth w/Hyper-dense nuclei Poor Circumscribed Endophytic (Inward growth) Necrosis and Ulcers form Poor differentiation (No resemblance to origin cell)
What does it mean for a cell to be well differentiated
Close resemblance to origin cell
How can benign tumours pose problems
Hormone secreting
-Prolactinoma
Local structure pressure
-Bilateral hemianopia
Why doe malignant tumours cause problem
Pressure on structures Secondary tumour formation Obstruction Painful Blood loss Paraneoplastic (SIADH/Cushings)
What is the difference between endophytic and exophytic tumours
Exophytic = Outward benign growth Endophytic = Inward Bening growth
Paippiloma, Carcinoma, Adenoma and Aden carcinoma all belong to which tumour cell origin
Epithelium (Carcinoma)
What is a Papilloma
Non Glandular benign
What is a Carcinoma
Non glandular malignant
What is an Adenoma
Gandular benign
What is an Adenocarcinoma
Glandular malignant