Cholesterol and Bile Acids

Question 1

3 fates of cholesterol

Answer 1

Steroid hormones
Bile acids (glycocholate)
Cholesterol ester

Question 2

In the liver, cholesterol is packed into _________

Answer 2

VLDL’s, along with TAGs

Question 3

Rate-limiting enzyme, Acetyl CoA → mevalonate → cholesterol

Answer 3

HMG-CoA reductase

Question 4

Inhibitor of HMG-CoA reductase

Answer 4

Statins

Question 5

Conversion of mevalonate to lanosterol

Answer 5

C6 → C5 → C10 → C15 → C30

Question 6

Positive regulator of HMG-CoA reductase activity

Answer 6

Insulin

Question 7

Negative regulator of HMG-CoA reductase activity

Answer 7

AMP, glucagon, cholesterol, mevalonate (negative feedback)

Question 8

Rate-limiting enzyme in bile acid biosynthesis

Answer 8

7-α-hydroxylase

Question 9

Where are bile acids (salts) formed?

Answer 9

Liver

Question 10

AcCoA → _______ → Mevalonate

Answer 10

HMG-CoA

Question 11

______ → HMG-CoA → Mevalonate

Answer 11

AcCoA

Question 12

AcCoA → HMG-CoA → _________

Answer 12

Mevalonate

Question 13

Mevalonate → _________ → Bile Acids or cholesterol esters

Answer 13

Cholesterol

Question 14

Mevalonate → Cholesterol → ___________ (storage)

Answer 14

Cholesterol esters

Question 15

Mevalonate → Cholesterol → ___________ (non-storage)

Answer 15

Bile acids

Question 16

Enzyme in Cholesterol → Bile Acids

Answer 16

7-α-hydroxylase

Question 17

Enzyme in Cholesterol → Cholesterol Esters

Answer 17

ACAT

Question 18

Defect in LDL receptors

Answer 18

Hypercholesterolemia

Question 19

Atherosclerosis leads to _________

Answer 19

Coronary heart disease

Question 20

Steroid hormones derived from cholesterol

Answer 20

Progesterone
17 β-estradiol
Testosterone
Dehydroepiandrosterone
Cortisol
Aldosterone
1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3

Question 21

In the intestines, cholesterol is packaged into ________

Answer 21

Chylomicrons, along with TAG’s