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Mindy/Leo CMS > Chile and Argentina > Flashcards

Chile and Argentina Flashcards

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Introductory Sommelier Exam (CMS) flashcards
1
Q

Chile is wedged between which 2 natural boundaries?

A

Pacific Ocean to the west

Andes Mountains to the east

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2
Q

When did viticulture first arrive in Chile?

Who brought it there?

A

Mid-1500s (16th century)

Spainards brought it

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3
Q

How long is Chile?

A

2670 miles long

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4
Q

How wide is Chile?

A

At its widest point, about 100 miles

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5
Q

What is the name of the ocean current that cools down Chile?

A

Humboldt Current

It ushers in cool, moist air and fog

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6
Q

What is the name of the desert at the northern end of Chile?

A

Atacama Desert

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7
Q

What is the name of the mountain range that creates a rain shadow in Chile?

A

Coastal Range

same as PNW range!

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8
Q

Thanks to the rain Shadow from Chile’s Coastal Range, what is the climate for the wine growing areas between the Coastal Range and the Andes?

A

Warm mediterranean

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9
Q

Does the climate in Chile become hotter or cooler as you move further south?

A

Cooler

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10
Q

In chile, where are vineyards planted?

–valley floors
–foothills/hillsides
–high elevation
–all of the above

A

all of them!

The wines expressions, color, and intensity will vary from all of these sites.

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11
Q

In the 19th century, the majority of the vines that were planted in Chile came from ____.

A

Bordeaux

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12
Q

What are the 2 main white grapes in Chile?

A

Chardonnay
Sauv Blanc

white grapes account for only 25% of all plantings in Chile.

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13
Q

What are the 3 main red grapes in Chile?

A

Cab sauv
merlot
carmenere

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14
Q

For a long time, many thought that the Carmenere planted in Chile was what other grape?

A

Merlot

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15
Q

What vineyard pest does not exist in Chile?
Why?

A

Phylloxera

Does not exist in Chile thanks to:
–Chile’s geographical isolation
–Chile’s strict agricultural quarantine laws

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16
Q

Where does Chile’s irrigation water come from?

A

Andean snowmelt

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17
Q

What wine laws (or appellation system) does Chile use?

A

DO (Denominacion de Origen

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18
Q

Are hybrids allowed to use the DO system in Chile?

A

No, only Vitis vinifera

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19
Q

What are the 6 regional DOs in Chile from North to South?

A
  1. Atacama
  2. Coquimbo
  3. Aconcagua
  4. Valle Central
  5. Sur
  6. Austral
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20
Q

Of Chile’s 6 DOs, which 2 are the most important?

A
  1. Aconcagua DO
  2. Valle Central DO

both have noteworthy subregions nested within them

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21
Q

If a bottle of Chilean wine has one of the 6 DOs listed on the label as its DO, what minimum percent of the wine must come from that DO?

A

75%

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22
Q

If a bottle of Chilean wine has a grape listed on the label, the wine must be what minimum percent of that stated grape?

A

75%

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23
Q

If a bottle of Chilean wine has a vintage listed on the label, the wine must be what minimum percent of that stated vintage?

A

75%

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24
Q

Even though Chile subscribes to the 75% minimum rule for stated grape, vintage, and DO, what minimum do they actually follow?

A

Chile exceeds that minimum and follows the EUs 85% rule for stated grape, vintage, and DO.

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25
Q

What are the nested sub-regional DOs of Aconcagua?

A
  1. Casablanca Valley DO
  2. San Antonio DO
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26
Q

Casablanca Valley DO and San Antonio Valley DO share the same climate.

What is the climate?

Where are they located?

A

Cool Maritime, very near the coast and west of the Coastal Range

27
Q

What are the main grapes, both red and white, of Casablanca Valley DO and San Antonio Valley DO?

A
  1. Chardonnay
  2. Sauv Blanc
  3. Pinot Noir
28
Q

Valle Central DO in Chile is located between two mountain ranges; the ____ to the east and the _____ to the west.

A

Andes Mountains to the east

Coastal Mountains to the west

29
Q

Valle Central makes what percent of Chile’s overall wine production?

A

80%

Most of it is everyday table wine

30
Q

What is the climate of Valle Central?

A

Warm-hot

31
Q

Is Valle Central better known for white grapes or red grapes?

What are the grapes?

A

Red grapes:
Cab sauv
Merlot
Carmenere

32
Q

What are the 4 DOs of Valle Central from north to south?

A
  1. Maipo Valley DO
  2. Rappel DO
  3. Curico DO
  4. Maule DO
33
Q

What is Valle Central’s most important subregion?

A

Maipo Valley DO

34
Q

What grape is Maipo Valley DO best known for?

A

Cab Sauv

35
Q

Which South American country is the largest in terms of wine production?

(its the 5th largest producer in the world)

A

Argentina

36
Q

When were vineyards in Argentina revived and by whom?

A

late 1800s

by Italian and Spanish immigrants who were fleeing their European countries from famine; they brought the traditions of winemaking (and vine cuttings) from their homelands.

37
Q

Which South American country is on the eastern side of the Andes?

A

Argentina

38
Q

Which mountain range creates a rain shadow for Argentina, making the wine regions on the eastern side very warm, dry and sunny?

A

The Andes Mountains

39
Q

The rain Shadow Argentina experiences from the Andes means that its a very warm and dry region.

Because of this warmth, where is the best place for grapes to grow?

A

High altitudes, so the grapes can benefit from cool nights (diurnal shifts)

40
Q

What is the average altitude at which grapes are grown in Argentina?

A

3000 ft ASL

41
Q

What is the white grape Argentina is known for?

What is it like?

A

Torrontes

Intensely fragrant and floral

42
Q

What are the 4 red grapes of Argentina?

A

Malbec
Bonarda
Cab Sauv
Syrah

43
Q

Why don’t Argentina’s vineyards suffer from fungal disease?

A

Because Argentina is in a rain shadow which keeps the vineyards dry and low in humidity.

44
Q

Because Argentina is in a rain shadow, it doesn’t get a lot of rain.

Is Argentina allowed to irrigate, and if so, from where do they source the irrigation water?

A

Irrigation is necessary

Snowmelt from the Andes

45
Q

What irrigation systems are used to irrigate the vineyards in Mendoza IG?

A

Flood irrigation (furrow irrigation)
Drip irrigation

46
Q

What is the Zonda?

What can it do?

A

A strong wind that blows down from the Andes into Argentina in the late spring/early summer

Can adversely affect the flowering stage in a vine’s annual cycle by blowing off flowers (leading to a smaller crop yield at harvest)

47
Q

What is a weather hazard in Argentina?

A

Summer hail, which can destroy berries and perforate leaves making them unable to photosynthesize.

48
Q

What wine laws are used to demarcate regions in Argentina?

A

IG (Indicaciones Geograficas)
DOC (Denominacion de Origen Controlada)

49
Q

What do the IGs and DOCs demarcate in Argentina?

A

IGs–wine growing areas that are delimited by geographical or political boundaries.

DOCs–wine growing areas that grow specific grapes, practice particular viticultural methods, and have specific aging requirements.

Basically, the DOC is more strict and focused than IG.

50
Q

Name 3 important IGs in Argentina.

A
  1. Salta IG
  2. Mendoza IG
  3. Patagonia IG
51
Q

What is the important subregion of Salta IG?

A

Cafayate IG

52
Q

Salta IG is Argentina’s most:
northern
southern
western

region.

A

northernmost

53
Q

What is the climate of Salta IG?

At what elevation are grapes grown in Salta?

A

Warm climate

grapes are grown at high elevations so the can benefit from cooler air.Grapes are planted at nearly 10,000 feet (highest in the world)

54
Q

Salta IGs vineyards are known for being some of the _____est ______ in the world.

A

Highest elevation

55
Q

What are the grapes that grow in Salta IG?

A

Torrontes
Malbec

56
Q

What is the climate of Mendoza IG?

A

super dry and Continental

The vineyards elevations plays a role, though, in temperatures and diurnal shifts.

57
Q

What is the main red grape of Mendoza IG?

A

Malbec

58
Q

Which IG of Argentina is the largest viticultural region?

A

Mendoza IG

59
Q

At what elevations are most vines in Mendoza IG planted?

A

2000-4000 ft ASL

60
Q

What are Mendoza IG’s important subregions?

A

Lujan de Cuyo DOC

Uco Valley IG

61
Q

Patagonia IG is Argentina’s most:
–northern
–southern
–western

region.

A

Southernmost

62
Q

What are the grapes grown in Patagonia IG?

A
  1. Torrontes
  2. Malbec
  3. Cab Sauv
  4. Pinot Noir
63
Q

Why is elevation so important for viticulture in Argentina?

A

Argentina’s wine regions are so warm, sunny and arid. If planted on the valley floor they’d just sunbake.

Planting vineyards at higher elevations helps with maintaining freshness in the grapes and slows their development overnight.

Mindy/Leo CMS (40 decks)

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