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Burgundy Flashcards

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Introductory Sommelier Exam (CMS) flashcards
1
Q

When did the identifications of vineyards in Burgandy begin, and by whom?

A

11th century
Cistercian Monks

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2
Q

Who owned most of the vineyard land in Burgandy in the middle ages?

A

Benedictine monasteries

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3
Q

What was the catalyst that transferred vineyard ownership from the Benedictine Monks (and aristocracy) to new owners?

A

The French Revolution

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4
Q

What did the emperor Napoleon change to the inheritance system?

What is this system known as?

A

Known as Napoleonic Code, or the Code of Inheritance, Napoleon mandated that estates be divided equally among male heirs rather than all land being inherited by the first-born son.

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5
Q

What does Napoleonic Code mean to wine professionals today?

A

It fragments land ownership in Burgundy, making it a challenge to keep up with who owns which vines within which vineyard, who sold their land to which family member to consolidate ownership, which can lead to price, quality and style differences even within the same vineyard.

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6
Q

What are the 5 areas of Burgundy from north to south?

A
  1. Chablis
  2. Cote d’Or (split into the Cote de Nuits, Cote de Beaune)
  3. Cote Chalonnaise
  4. Maconnais
  5. Beaujolais
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7
Q

What is the climate of Burgundy?

A

Continental

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8
Q

The topography of Burgundy is:
flat
rolling hills
mountainous

A

rolling hills

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9
Q

What is the aspect of Burgundy’s most prized vineyards?

A

east/southeast

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10
Q

What are the 4 soil types found in Burgundy (excluding Beaujolais)?

A
  1. chalk
  2. limestone
  3. calcareous clay
  4. Marl
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11
Q

What is the mail soil type in Beaujolais?

A

Granite

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12
Q

What are the 2 white grapes allowed in Burgundy?

A

Chardonnay (majority)
Aligote

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13
Q

What are the 2 red grapes allowed in Burgundy?

A

Pinot Noir (majority)
Gamay

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14
Q

Go through the 4 levels of Burgundy’s AOP pyramid from largest to smallest (both size and production)

A

*Regional appellations
*Village wines
*Premier Crus (first growth)
*Grand Crus (great growths)

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15
Q

How do you define ‘Domaine’ on a label of French wine?

A

grower/producer that owns their own vineyards and makes wine from those vineyards.

*process of growing the grapes to making and bottling the wine is all done on their estate and by them.

*if they do sell off any grapes from their vineyards, it’s grapes they wouldn’t have used in their bottlings.

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16
Q

What is a negociant?

A

A negociant will buy grapes, juice or finished wine from growers and/or co-ops so they can bottle it under their own label.

Negociants can be big or small, and they usually make a range of quality levels.

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17
Q

What is a clos? Give an example.

A

A vineyard or part of a vineyard that is enclosed by stone walls.

Clos Vougeot in Burgundy, a Grand Cru.

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18
Q

What is a monopole?

A

A vineyard or part of a vineyard that has one single owner.

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19
Q

What is a Village wine?

A

A wine is which all the grapes come from one village.

Ex: Volnay, Gevrey-Chambertin, Meursault

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20
Q

What is a Single Vineyard Premier Cru?

A

Where 100% of the grapes in the wine come from a specific, single vineyard.

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21
Q

What is a Single Vineyard Grand Cru?

A

Where 100% of the grapes come from one Grand Cru vineyard.

Grand Crus won’t have the village name on the label, just the Grand Cru.

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22
Q

Is Chablis north or south of the Cote d’Or?

A

North, by about 80 miles.

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23
Q

What is the climate of Chablis?

A

cool continental

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24
Q

What are some risks winemakers face in Chablis?

A

*spring frosts
*grapes not fully ripening due to cooler climate

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25
Q

What are the soils of Chablis?

A

Kimmeridgian clay/limestone

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26
Q

What is the sole grape allowed in Chablis?

A

Chardonnay

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27
Q

Is Chablis often associated with lots of new oak?

A

No.
Most Village level Chablis is not oaked, or uses neutral oak.
Some premier Crus and most Grand Crus are somewhat oaked.

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28
Q

Is malolactic fermentation common in Chablis?

A

Yes

If Malo were not used, Chablis would be sharp, austere and really difficult to enjoy.

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29
Q

What is the name of the river that runs through the village of Chablis?

A

Serein River

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30
Q

What are the 4 AOPs of Chablis?

A
  1. Petit Chablis AOP
  2. Chablis AOP
  3. Chablis Premier Cru AOP
  4. Chablis Grand Cru AOP
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31
Q

How many premier Crus are there in Chablis?

A

40

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32
Q

How many Grand Crus are there in Chablis?

A

1-but it has 7 climats

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33
Q

In what direction do the Grand Crus of Chablis face?

A

South/SW to maximize sun exposure

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34
Q

What are the 7 climats within the one Chablis Grand Cru?

A
  1. Bougros
  2. Les Preuses
  3. Grenouilles
  4. Vaudesir
  5. Valmur
  6. Les Clos
  7. Blanchot
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35
Q

How long is the Cote d’Or and in what direction does it run?

A

30 miles
north to south

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36
Q

What are the 2 villages that delimit the Cote d’Or?

A

Dijon in the north

Santenay in the south

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37
Q

What are the 2 sections the Cote d’Or is divided into?

A
  1. Cote de Nuits (north)
  2. Cote de Beaune (south)
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38
Q

What does “Cote d’or” translate to in English?

A

Golden slope (or hill)

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39
Q

Where in Burgundy are the majority of the top vineyards (1er Crus and Grand Crus located)?

A

The middle section of the hillsides

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40
Q

What is the climate of the Cote de Nuits?

A

Continental

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41
Q

What is the sole red grape variety allowed in the Cote de Nuits?

A

Pinot Noir

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42
Q

What are the soils of the Cote de Nuits?

A

Marl
Limestone

43
Q

What are the threats of the Cote de Nuits?

A

Summertime hail
too much rain in autumn
frost

44
Q

Is the Cote de Nuits often associated with new oak or stainless steel?

A

almost always new oak

45
Q

What are the 6 most important villages of the Cote de Nuits from north to south?

A
  1. Gevrey-Chambertin
  2. Morey-Saint-Denis
  3. Chambolle-Musigny
  4. Vougeot
  5. Vosne-Romanee
  6. Nuits-Saint-Georges
46
Q

What are some common fermentation techniques found in the Cote de Nuits?

A

Whole cluster fermentation

Completely destemming prior to fermentation

47
Q

What is the appellation hierarchy in the Cote de Nuits, from largest to smallest (both in terms of size and production)?

A

Bourgogne AOP
Bourgogne Cote d’Or AOP
Cote de Nuits-Villages AOP
Village AOP (Gevrey-Chambertin AOP)
Premier Cru AOP
Grand Cru AOP

48
Q

From 2005-2016, what were some of the top vintages from the Cote de Nuits?

A

2005
2009
2010
2014
2015
2016

49
Q

Cote De Nuits Villages AOP can only be what color wine?

A

Red (from Pinot noir)

50
Q

What is the difference between a Single Vineyard 1er Cru and a Village 1er Cru?

A

Single vineyard 1 er Cru wine is made from grapes that come from one specific, 1er Cru vineyard.
Beaune Greves 1er Cru (all grapes come from the Greves Vineyard in the village of Beaune)

A Village 1 er Cru wine is made from grapes that come from 2 or more 1er Cru vineyards within a particular village.
Beaune 1er Cru (all the grapes come from various 1er Cru vineyards within the village of Beaune)

51
Q

How many 1 er Cru vineyards exist in the Cote de Nuits?

A

> 130

52
Q

How many Grand Crus are there in Burgundy?

A

33

32 are in the Cote d’Or
24 are in Cote de Nuits
8 are in the Cote de Beaune

1 is in Chablis

53
Q

How many Grand Crus are in the Cote de Nuits?

A

24

54
Q

Chambertin, Bonnes-Mares, Musigny, La Tache, La Romanee are all Grand Cru vineyards in the Cote de ____________.

A

Cote de Nuits

55
Q

What is the climate of the Cote de Beaune?

A

Continental

56
Q

What are the soils of the Cote de Beaune?

A

Marl
Limestone

57
Q

What are the 2 grapes allowed in the Cote de Beaune?

A

Chardonnay
Pinot Noir

58
Q

Is the Cote de Beaune often associated with new oak or neutral oak?

A

Much like Cote de Nuits, almost always new oak.

59
Q

Name the top 6 villages of the Cote de Beaune from north to south.

A
  1. Beaune
  2. Pommard
  3. Volnay
  4. Meursault
  5. Puligny-Montrachet
  6. Chassagne-Montrachet
60
Q

Which 3 of the top 6 villages in the Cote de Beaune make white wine only?

A

1.Meaursault
2. Puligny-Montrachet
3. Chassagne-Montrachet

61
Q

What is the appellation hierarchy in the Cote de Beaune, from largest to smallest (both in size and production)?

A

Bourgogne AOP
Village AOP
Premier Cru AOP
Grand Cru AOP

62
Q

What grapes can Bourgogne AOP be?

Where can they come from?

A

Chardonnay
Pinot Noir

anywhere in the Bourgogne region

63
Q

How many Grand Crus are in the Cote de Beaune?

A

8

64
Q

Corton, Corton-Charlemagne, Montrachet, Batard-Montrachet are all Grand Cru vineyards in the Cote de ________.

A

Beaune

65
Q

Cote Chalonnaise is located north or south of the Cote d’OR?

A

south

66
Q

What is the climate of Cote Chalonnaise?

A

Continental

67
Q

What is the soil of Cote Chalonnaise?

A

Limestone

68
Q

What are the permissible grapes of Cote Chalonnaise?

A

Chardonnay
Aligote
Pinot Noir

69
Q

The wines of Cote Chalonnaise are known for having:
*lots of new oak
*little to no oak

A

Little to no oak, for both whites and reds.

70
Q

How many Grand Crus are in the Cote Chalonnaise?

A

Zero

71
Q

How many 1 er Crus are in the Cote Chalonnaise?

A

Several – around 140

72
Q

What are the 5 villages of the Cote Chalonnaise north to south?

A
  1. Bouzeron
  2. Rully
  3. Mercury
  4. Givry
  5. Montagny
73
Q

What are the 2 village AOPs of Cote Chalonnaise that make white wine only?

What are the grapes?

A

Bouzeron AOP 100% Aligote

Montagny AOP 100% Chardonnay

74
Q

Which village AOP in Cote Chalonnaise makes sparkling wines?

A

Rully AOP

75
Q

What 3 village AOPs in Cote Chalonnaise make both white wine and red wine?

A
  1. Rully AOP
  2. Givry AOP
  3. Mercurey AOP
76
Q

Generally speaking, wines from the Cote Chalonnaise are more or less expensive than wines from the Cote d’Or?

A

Less expensive

The wines have less oak and the land isn’t as prestigious.

77
Q

What is the climate of Maconnais?

A

Continental

warmer and drier than Cote d’Or and Cote Chalonnaise

78
Q

Stylistically, how do Maconnais wines differ from wines from the Cote d’Or?

A

Maconnaise wines tend to be
*broader
*less acidic
*less oaky
than wines from Cote d’Or

79
Q

What grapes are allowed to be planted in Maconnais?

A

Chardonnay
Pinot Noir
Gamay

80
Q

Maconnais makes most what color wine?

A

White, made from Chardonnay

81
Q

Which AOP of the Maconnais uses the most oak?

A

Pouilly-Fuisse

82
Q

How many Grand Crus exist in Maconnais?

A

None.
Only Village-level and 1er Crus exist in the Maconnais

83
Q

Which of the following wines is likely to be the most expensive from Maconnais?
1. Macon AOP
2. Saint-Veran AOP
3. Pouilly-Fuisse AOP

A

Pouilly Fuisse AOP
they use new oak

84
Q

Of the following AOPs, which 2 are white wine only?
1. Macon AOP
2. Saint-Veran AOP
3. Pouilly-Fuisse AOP

A

Saint-Veran AOP
Pouilly-Fuisse AOP

both made from Chardonnay

85
Q

Beaujolais: Where is it and how long is it?

A

Beaujolais is the southernmost section of Burgundy.

It is 35 miles long from north to south.

86
Q

The northernmost part of Beaujolais overlaps the southern tip of what other section of Burgundy?

A

Maconnais

87
Q

What is the climate of Beaujolais?

A

Semi-continental

the warmest section of Burgundy

88
Q

What are the soils of Beaujolais?

A

Schist and granite in the north

Sandstone and clay in the south

89
Q

What are the grapes permitted in Beaujolais?

A

Gamay

Chardonnay

90
Q

What is the topography of Beaujolais in the north and in the south?

A

North–more hills. Vineyards on granite hillsides

South–flat plains on sandstone soils

91
Q

What vinification technique is classic in the Beaujolais region?

A

Carbonic maceration

92
Q

What are the classic vessels used in Beaujolais production?

A

Stainless steel
Concrete
Used/neutral french barrels

93
Q

What is the AOP hierarchy of Beaujolais?

A

Beaujolais AOP
Beaujolais Nouveau (not an AOP)
Beaujolais-Villages AOP
Beaujolais Crus (each on is their own AOP)

94
Q

What color are Beaujolais Nouveau wines, and when are they released?

A

Red (Gamay)

3rd thursday of November following harvest

95
Q

Beaujolais Nouveau is known to be age worthy? or best in its youth?

A

Best in its youth

should be drunk by March or so the year following harvest

96
Q

How many villages are within the Beaujolais-Villages AOP?

A

38

97
Q

Are any of the 38 villages in the Beaujolais-Villages AOP allowed to append their name to the AOP?

A

No

98
Q

Where do the best wines of Beaujolais come from?

A

The Crus of Beaujolais

99
Q

How many Crus are in Beaujolais?

A

10

100
Q

What is the wine color of the Beaujolais Crus?

A

Red (all Gamay)

101
Q

What are the soils of the Crus of Beaujolais?

A

Granite

102
Q

What are the Crus of Beaujolais from North to South?

A
  1. Saint-Armour AOP
  2. Julienas AOP
  3. Chenas AOP
  4. Moulin-a-Vent AOP
  5. Fleurie AOP
  6. Chiroubles AOP
  7. Morgon AOP (know this one)
  8. Regnie AOP
  9. Cote de Brouilly AOP
  10. Brouilly AOP
103
Q
A

Mindy/Leo CMS (40 decks)

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