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Mindy/Leo CMS > Australia > Flashcards

Australia Flashcards

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1
Q

Which 2 oceans bracket Australia?

A

Indian Ocean (west)
Pacific Ocean (east)

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2
Q

When and where in Australia were the first vines planted?

A

New South Wales

1788 (late 18th century)

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3
Q

When was commercial viticulture established across the southern portions of Australia?

A

1820-1840

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4
Q

What 4 principal vine-growing areas of Australia are important to know?

A
  1. New South Wales
  2. Victoria
  3. South Australia
  4. Western Australia
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5
Q

In Australia, which state was hit by phylloxera in the late 1800s?

A

Victoria

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6
Q

From the late 1800s until about the mid-20th century, Australia was really know for what style of wine?

A

Industrial, inexpensive, sweet wines

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7
Q

Where in Australia did these inexpensive, sweet wines come from?

A

Hot, vast, and heavily irrigated areas along rivers, mostly in the center of the country.

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8
Q

In Australia, what caused the shift in focus from inexpensive, sweet styles of wine to more moderate/premium dry styles?

When did that happen?

A

–1950s
–Introduction to temperature-controlled fermentation vessels
–Planting superior grapes varietals
–Planting in cooler sites (elevation, near coast)

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9
Q

With this shift in wine style in Australia, why were the industrial, inexpensive, sweet styles abandoned?

A

Post WWII, wave of European immigrants and Australian tourists returning from Europe increased demand for dry, non-fortified wines.

Even today, huge companies that make cheap, sweet wine continue to make wine side-by-side smaller, boutique wineries focusing on dry, premium styles.

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10
Q

Where in Australia are most wine regions located?

Why?

A

Southeastern corner of the continent.

Temperate climate

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11
Q

Why arent’s vineyards planted in the center/interior of Australia?

A

It’s too hot

Australia’s hot, arid interior is entirely too much to support viticulture

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12
Q

What are the soils of Australia?

A

Ancient and diverse
Including:
–sandy
–alluvial
–basalt
–loam
–slate
–iron-rich

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13
Q

What are the 4 main white grapes of Australia?

A
  1. chardonnay
  2. sauv blanc
  3. semillon
  4. riesling
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14
Q

Which white grape is best associated with Hunter Valley?

A

Semillon

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15
Q

What are the 5 main red grapes of Australia?

A

–Shiraz (most important)
–cab sauv
–merlot
–grenache
–pinot noir

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16
Q

To find cooler places to grow grapes in Australia, where must you go?

A

–high elevation
–towards the coast
–further south (away from the equator)

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17
Q

For vineyards planted in Australia’s hotter regions, especially towards the arid interior, what is necessary to support viticulture?

A

Irrigation

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18
Q

With Australia being so hot and dry, it has no trouble ripening grapes.

What is the consequence of achieving such high levels of ripeness?

A

Lack of natural acidity in the grapes.

Most Australian producers, especially the industrial ones, will have to acidify their wines to balance the grapes’ ripeness.

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19
Q

Why is Australia always seen as a leader in wine technology and development?

A

–the culture supports innovation
–the mechanize a lot due to labor shortages

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20
Q

Stylistically, Australian wines–no matter the price point–tend to be:

–clean, precise, technically correct, fruit driven
–dirty, don’t really follow protocols, eschew technology

A

clean, precise, technically correct, fruit driven

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21
Q

In the past, Australian winemakers used to heavily favor oak from _____, but in recent years they’ve begun to use ___ oak.

A

past–American oak

Recent–french oak

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22
Q

Australia’s embrace of innovation helps it lead the world in New packaging.

What sorts of packaging will you see on Australian wines?

A

–bag in a box
–screw caps
–crown caps on sparkling wines

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23
Q

Australia is really known for blending–blending wines across states, appellations, and vineyards.

Why is this?

A

–main reason is to create consistent flavors and an ‘Australian style’ of wine
–Grapes are trucked from vineyards to wineries, which can be hundreds of miles apart

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24
Q

Give an example of a super-premium Australian wine that is a blend of grapes across different appellations.

A

Penfold’s ‘Grange’

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25
Q

Why are grapes generally harvested at night in Australia?

A

To preserve freshness and the grapes’ natural acidity

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26
Q

What is the appellation system that Australia uses?

A

Geographical Indicaitons (GIs)

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27
Q

What is the hierarchy of Australian GIs from largest to smallest?

A

–Country (if a wine has just ‘Australia as its appellation, the grapes can come from anywhere in Australia)
–Southeastern Australia
–State of Origin (ex: Victoria)
–Zones (Which can cross several states)
–Regions
–Sub-Regions

28
Q

Australia’s Label Integrity Program has a sweeping requirement of what minimum percent for grapes, vintage, and region if stated on a label?

A

85%

29
Q

The huge Southeastern Australia GI consists of all or parts of which 5 states?

A
  1. Tasmania
  2. Victoria
  3. South Australia
  4. New South Wales
  5. Queensland
30
Q

What is The Great Dividing Range?

A

A mountain chain running north-south that separates the sweeter coastal regions of New South Wales from the dry, hotter regions.

As it runs through Victoria it provides Alpine climates in the northeastern part of the state and high-elevation vineyards in the southern portions of the state.

31
Q

Where is the state of New South Wales, and what is its capital?

A

Eastern Australia

Sydney

32
Q

What is the climate of New South Wales and what helps define it?

A

Climate varies
–Hunter Valley is subropical
–Riverina is dry and arid,
–further south is Alpine

Defined by the Great Dividing Range

33
Q

What are 2 important GIs of New South Wales?

A
  1. Hunter Valley/Hunte GI
  2. Riverina GI
34
Q

Hunter Valley/Hunter GIs:
–location
–climate
–main grapes

A

–north of Sydney

–Subtropical, moderated by cool sea breezes

–Semillon

35
Q

What is the topography of Hunter Valley/ Hunter GI?

A

Some ridges along its east side, but generally a flat River valley

36
Q

Riverina GI:

–location
–climate
–grapes

A

–west side of Great Dividing Range, very inland
–hot, humid in some areas
–Semillon, chardonnay
–Shiraz, Merlot

37
Q

The largest wine region in Australia is _____GI.

A

Riverina GI

38
Q

What are the soils like in Riverina GI?

A

Fertlie, so they grow a lot of everything (they make a lot of inexpensive wine)

39
Q

Riverina GI is responsible for what percent of Australia’s total wine production?

A

25%

40
Q

Because Riverina GI is inland and quite hot, what is necessary in order to support viticulture?

A

Irrigation, which comes from nearby rivers

41
Q

Besides inexpensive everyday wines, what other styles of wine is Riverina GI known for?

A

–fortified wines
–sweet wines affected by botrytis

42
Q

Where is the state of Vicoria?

A

Southeastern Australia
Melbourne is the capital

43
Q

Victoria has varied climates.
What are some of the climates found there?

A

–cool Maritime
–Continental with big diurnal shifts

44
Q

What are the wine styles made in Victoria?

A

–sparkling
–still
–fortified
–dessert

45
Q

What are 3 important GIs in Victoria?

A
  1. Yarra Valley GI
  2. Rutherglen GI
  3. Murray-Darling GI
46
Q

Yarra Valley GI:
–climate
–grapes
–world styles

A

–cool Maritime, humid, moderated by the ocean

–chardonnay, Pinot noir, Shiraz

–sparkling and still wines

47
Q

Rutherglen GI:

–climate
–grapes
–wine styles

A

–continental (hot summers)

–muscadelle, Shiraz, Brown Muscat

–still wines and fortified wines

48
Q

What is a synonym for Brown Muscat?

A

Muscat Rouge a Petits Grains

49
Q

What are dessert wines from Rutherglen GI also known as?

A

Stickies

50
Q

Murray-Darling GIs:

–climate
–viticulture
–wine style

A

–super hot

–massive acres of irrigate vineyards

–bulk/inexpensive, everyday wine

51
Q

Murray-Darling GI is predominantly in the state of Victoria, but a portion of it bleeds into which other state?

A

New South Wales

52
Q

Where is the state of South Australia?

A

southern Australia, with Adelaide being the capital

53
Q

What are some of the climates found in South Australia?

A

–Mediterranean (warm, dry)
–Cooler climates (higher elevations)

54
Q

What are 5 important s GIs in South Australia?

Of these, which one is known for its premium wines?

A
  1. Borossa Valley GI (premium)
  2. Eden Valley GI
  3. McLaren Vale GI
  4. Clare Valley GI
  5. Coronawara GI
55
Q

Barossa Valley GI:

–climate
–grapes
–viticulture

A

–mediterranean

–Shiraz, Grenache, Cab Sauv

–old vines, never had phylloxera

56
Q

Eden Valley GI:

–climate
–grapes
–wine style

A

–cooler, high elevation (natural acidity remains high in grapes)

–Riesling, Chardonnay, Shiraz

–Its rieslings are vinified dry

57
Q

McLaren Vale GI:

–climate
–grapes
–viticulture

A

–warm mediterranean, moderated by cool sea breezes

–Shiraz, Grenache

–Vineyards planted on slopes facing the sea to take advantage of the sea breezes

58
Q

Clare Valley GI:

–climate
–elevation
–grapes

A

–warm Continental (diurnal shifts, so natural acidity remains high)

–1300-1800 ft ASL

–Red ling, Shiraz, cab sauv

–riesling vinified dry

59
Q

From the capital of Adelaide, in which direction are the GIs Clare Valley, Barossa Valley, and McLaren Vale?

A

–Clare Valley GI is 60 miles north of Adelaide

–Barossa Valley GI is northeast

–McLaren Vale GI is south

60
Q

Notably, both Eden Valley and Clare Valley finify their Rieslings ______.

A

dry

61
Q

Coonawarra GI:

–climate
–famous soil
–grapes

A

–cool Mediterranean

–Terra Rossa, and iron-rich soil over limestone

–Cab Sauv

62
Q

Coonawarra GIs Terra Rossa soils extend across the entire GI? Or are they in a more enclosed spot?

A

They run a 9 mile stretch

The best vineyards in Coonawarra GI are planted on this soil.

63
Q

Where is the state of Western Australia?

A

Western Australia
Perth is the capital

64
Q

What is the most important GI of Western Australia?

A

Margaret River GI

65
Q

Margaret River GI:

–climate
–wine grapes
–red grapes

A

Warm Maritime, moderated by breezes off the Indian Ocean

chardonnay, semillion, sauv Blanc

cab sauv, merlot, Shiraz

Mindy/Leo CMS (40 decks)

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