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Mindy/Leo CMS > Bordeaux > Flashcards

Bordeaux Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 3 main white grapes of Bordeaux?

A

Sauvignon Blanc
Semillon
Muscadelle

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2
Q

What are the 6 main red grapes of Bordeaux?

A
  1. Merlot
  2. Cab Sauv
  3. Cab Franc
  4. Malbec
  5. Petit Verdot
  6. Carmenere
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3
Q

What was the most important foreign market of Bordeaux wines in the middle ages?

A

England

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4
Q

400 years ago, in the 17th century, what did the Dutch merchants do to the marshes in Bordeaux and why?

Their actions led to what important, beneficial trait to the soils of Bordeaux?

A

They built channels that drained marshes in Bordeaux, making the land more suitable for viticulture–to expand trade.

Drainage is the important soil trait–it allows roots to dig deeply for water, nutrients and help ripen thick-skinned Cabernet Sauvignon on the left bank.

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5
Q

On which ocean is Bordeaux situated?

A

Atlantic Ocean

Ocean access made Bordeaux famous faster than other regions because export was easier.

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6
Q

In what area of France can you find the Bordeaux wine region?

A

southwest

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7
Q

What is the climate of Bordeaux?

A

Maritime

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8
Q

On what parallel is Bordeaux?

A

45th

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9
Q

What moderates the climate in Bordeaux?

A
  1. The gulf stream–warm waters carried up from the Caribbean keep Bordeaux mild (but humid)
  2. Coastal proximity and waterways–breezes off of both keep air circulating
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10
Q

What is the name of the pine forest that protects Bordeaux from strong winds and storms off the Atlantic Ocean?

A

Les Landes

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11
Q

What are the 3 main waterways in Bordeaux?
(2 rivers, 1 estuary)

A

Gironde Estuary, formed by

Garonne River
Dordogne River

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12
Q

In which direction does the Gironde Estuary flow: Away or into the Atlantic?

A

Into the Atlantic

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13
Q

What are the weather threats in Bordeaux?

A
  1. Rain at harvest
  2. Spring frost
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14
Q

Where is Entre-Deax-Mers in Bordeaux?

A

Between the Garrone and Dordogne Rivers

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15
Q

What are the 3 main soil types in Bordeaux?

A

Gravel
Gravel, limestone, sand
Iron pan beneath sand and clay

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16
Q

What is the predominant soil type found on Bordeaux’s left bank? (Medoc, Graves)

Give an example of a grape that grows well here.

A

soil–gravel
grape–cab sauv

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17
Q

What are the predominant soil types found in Saint-Emilion?

Give an example of grapes that grow well here.

A

Soil–Gravel, limestone, sand

Grape–Cab franc, merlot

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18
Q

What is the predominant soil type found in Pomerol?

Give an example of a grape that grows well here.

A

Soil–Iron pan beneath sand and clay

Grape–merlot

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19
Q

What is Bordeaux’s most planted red grape?

A

Merlot

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20
Q

Merlot is mostly planted on which bank?

A

right bank

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21
Q

Cab Sauv is mostly planted on which bank?

A

Left bank

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22
Q

Bordeaux wines, both red and white are typically single varietals? or blends?

A

Blends

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23
Q

When you see a right bank red wine, the main grapes in it is almost always going to be ______.

A

Merlot

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24
Q

When you see a left bank red wine, the main grapes in it is almost always going to be _______.

A

cab sauv

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25
Q

Name 3 Bordeaux appellations that make dry white wine.

A
  1. Entre-Deux-Mers
  2. Graves
  3. Pessac-Leognan
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26
Q

Which grapes will almost always be the dominant grapes in the blend of a white Bordeaux wine?

A

Sauv blanc

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27
Q

Do most red wines from Bordeaux see some new oak, or are most aged in stainless steel/neutral oak?

A

Most see some new oak.

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28
Q

Vintage variation can be a really big deal in Bordeaux.

What causes the vintage variation and how to the Bordelaise manage it?

A

Causes:
Spring frosts
rain at harvest
too much rain, not enough sun during growing season
super hot during growing season

Management:
Plant different grapes varietals
Make blends

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29
Q

What is the Bordeaux AOP heirarchy from largest to smallest (in terms of size and production)?

A
  1. Bordeaux AOP
  2. Sub-Regional/District Appellations (Haut-Medoc AOP)
  3. Commune Appelation (Margaux AOP)
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30
Q

Bordeaux AOP wines make up _____% of the Bordeaux region’s total wine production?

A

45%

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31
Q

What colors and styles of wine are allowed to be made under the Bordeaux AOP?

A

Dry and sweet styles of both red and white wines

32
Q

The highest level of quality wines in Bordeaux are found in the _____ appellations?

A

Commune

33
Q

Saint Estephe, Pauillac, Saint Julien and Margaux are commune appellations on which bank of the Gironde in Bordeaux?

A

left bank

34
Q

Pomerol and Saint-Emilion are commune appellations on which bank of the Gironde in Bordeaux?

A

right bank

35
Q

What size barrel is used in Bordeaux?

A

225L barrels (barriques)

36
Q

What you see ‘chateau’ on a bottle of Bordeaux, what do you know immediately about the wine?

A

The estate is under single ownership

The chateau’s name isn’t the name of its vineyards, it’s the brand name. (vineyard names don’t appear on Bordeaux wine labels)

37
Q

What is the predominant soil type found on the left bank of Bordeaux?

A

Gravel

38
Q

What is the only color and style of wine allowed to be in the Medoc?

A

Red, dry wines

39
Q

What are the 2 sub-regional AOPs of The Medoc?

A

Medoc AOP
Haut-Medoc AOP

40
Q

What are the 4 Commune appellations of The Medoc?

Give brief description of the style of red wine each Commune is known for.

A
  1. Saint-Estephe AOP–most tannic
  2. Pauillac AOP–most powerful
  3. Saint-Julien AOP–most floral and elegant
  4. Margaux AOP–softest
41
Q

What are the top Left Bank Bordeaux vintages between 2005-2016?

A

2005
2009
2010
2015
2016

42
Q

What did the 1855 Classification classify?

How were the classifications determined (based on)

A

It ranked the top properties on the Left Bank of Bordeaux into growths, first through fifth for a world’s fair that was held in Paris. Commissioned by Emperer Napoleon III who wanted to show off France’s top wines at the fair.

Based on the prices each wine fetched at market.The people who ranked them were those that sold them, merchants and brokers.

43
Q

What are the 5 First Growths of Bordeaux?

A
  1. Chateau Latour
  2. Chateau Lafite-Rothschild
  3. Chateau Mouton-Rothschild
  4. Chateau Margaux
  5. Chateau Haut-Brion
44
Q

Of the 5 First Growths of Bordeaux, which 3 are found in Pauillac?

A
  1. Chateau Latour
  2. Chateau Lafite-Rothschild
  3. Chateau Mouton-Rothschild
45
Q

Which chateau was elevated to First Growth in 1973?

A

Chateau Mouton-Rothschild

46
Q

Which First Growth is found in Graves?

A

Chateau Haut-Brion

47
Q

Where is Graves located: to the north or south of the city of Bordeaux?

A

South

48
Q

What is the soil in Graves?

A

Gravel

49
Q

Graves can make red? white? both?

A

Both

50
Q

What are the grapes used in Graves, for both red and white wines?

A

White:
Sauv blanc
Semillion

Red:
Cab sauv
merlot
cab franc

51
Q

What is the sub-region of Graves AOP?

Where is it located within the Graves AOP?

A

Pessace-Leognan AOP

northernmost section of Graves AOP

52
Q

What sub-regional AOP of Graves is located in its southernmost section?

(sweet wines…)

A

Sauternes AOP

53
Q

What is the only style of wine allowed in Sauternes AOP?

A

Sweet white wines whose grapes have been affected by the botrytis fungus

54
Q

The sweet white wines of Sauternes AOP are known to be aged in

new french barrique
neutral American oak
stainless steel

A

New French barrique

55
Q

What does Entre-Deux-Mers translate to in English?

A

Between 2 seas

56
Q

What is the soil type of Entre-Deux-Mers?

A

Fertile silt

57
Q

What is the color and style of wine allowed in Entre-Deux-Mers, and based on which grapes?

A

Dry white wines

Sauv blanc
Semillion
Muscadelle

58
Q

If a red wine is made in Entre-Deux-Mers, what AOP does it take?

A

Bordeaux AOP

59
Q

Do the white wines of Entre-Deux-Mers typically see stainless steel or lots of new French barriques?

A

Stainless Steel

Inexpensive appellation meant for early consumption

60
Q

What are the 2 major AOPs of Right Bank Bordeaux?

A
  1. Pomerol AOP
  2. St. Emilion AOP
61
Q

Wines from Pomerol AOP and Saint-Emilion AOP are allowed to be what color and style?

A

Dry red wines only

62
Q

What are the 2 main red grapes in St.-Emilion?

A

Merlot
Cab Franc

63
Q

What are the soils of St.-Emilion AOP

A

bed of silt, clay and gravel

there is a limestone plateau and plots with more sand

64
Q

What are the 2 AOP’s of Saint-Emilion?

A
  1. Saint-Emilion AOP
  2. Saint-Emilion Grand Cru AOP
65
Q

What is the difference between Saint-Emilion Grand Cru AOP of Saint-Emilion AOP?

A

Saint-Emilion Grand Cru AOP must:

be aged longer
have an additional .05% abv

66
Q

Which is geographically smaller: Pomerol AOP or Saint-Emilion AOP?

A

Pomerol AOP

67
Q

In what year was the St. Emilion Classification established?

When was its most recent review (or revision)?

A

1955

2022

68
Q

What are the 2 chateaux named as Premier Grand Crus Classe A?

A

Chateau Figeac

Chateau Pavie

69
Q

How many Premiers Grands Crus Classe B chateaux are there with the 2022 classification?

A

12

70
Q

How many Grands Crus Classe are there with the 2022 classification?

A

71

71
Q

Where is Pomerol AOP in relation to St.-Emilion AOP?

A

northwest

72
Q

What are the soils of Pomerol?

A

Sand
Clay
Gravel
Iron pan and rich clay subsoils

73
Q

Does Pomerol have a classification system?

A

No

74
Q

Name Pomerol’s arguably most famous chateau

A

Chateau Petrus

75
Q

How are the wines of Bordeaux classified vs those of Burgundy?

A

In Burgundy, the wines are classified by the place–vineyard specific (village, 1 er Cru, Grand Cru)

In Bordeaux, it’s the house or chateau that’s classified, not the vineyard or land itself.

Mindy/Leo CMS (40 decks)

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