Child Health Maintenance Flashcards
Independent panel of experst review and develope reccomendations for clincial preventive services
Task force
schedules are set according to age
groups
Neonate: within 1-2 Weeks of birth
Infant: at 2, 4, 6, 9, and 12 months
Toddler: at 15, and 18 months; 2 and 3
years old
Preschool: annual visits beginning at 3
years old
Primary school age: annual visits 5
through 10 years old
Middle school age: annual visits 10
through 13 years old
Teenager: annual visits 13 through 19years
increase in the mass and dimensions of
the body
Growth
functional maturation and
acquisition of new skills
life
Development
Human development is
lifelong process of
physical, behavioral, cognitive, and emotional
growth and change.
Family Medicine Department
Stages of growth and
development
Prenatal
1. Embryonic period (first 8 weeks)
2. Fetal period (9-40 weeks)
• Postnatal
1. Neonatal period (first 28 days)
2. Infant (till 2 years)
3. Early childhood 2-6 years
4. Late childhood (6-10)
5. Adolescent (10-20)
Four developmental areas
Gross motor,
• Fine motor
• Speech and language,
• Social development
10-12 month
15 month
Fine motor development
Building blocks
Building blocks
• 15 months
Builds a tower of two cubes
18 months
Building blocks
Builds a tower of three
to four cubes
Physical growth main parameters
Main parameters
• Weight
• Length (height)
• Head circumference
Physical growth all parameters
Main parameters
• Weight
• Length (height)
• Head circumference
Others
• Body proportions :upper/lower ratio
• Dentition
• Vital signs
Family
Head circumference monitoring for children parametrs
At birth 35 cm
• 6 months 43 cm
• 1 year 47 cm
• 2 years 49 cm
• 6 years 51 cm
• 12 years 53 cm
Assess normal growth
- Determine deviations in individuals
- To interpret findings in terms of health status
- To decide regarding alternative types of care and
referral procedures if required
- Monitor growth at community level as contribution
to health surveillance
Family M
Chart of development parameters
Direction of the curve is ascendind
Healthy
Horizontal curve
failure to thrive
Acute malnutrition
decreased velocity curve
Chronic
malnutrition, Chronic conditions
Teething usually begins around
6 months
But its normally to satrt between 3 -12 months
Child 3 years must have how many teeth
20 primary
During sleep bottle or breast
Bottle feeding
Recommended childhood
prevention screening
Bp
At age of 3 and every 1-2 year
H
Hearing
examination
Subjective assessment at all visit :
1. checking for a response to noise produced
outside an infant field of vision.
2. Absent of babbling at age of 6 months
3. Assessing speech development
Vision examination
3 yr and
5- 6 yr
Visual acuity and cover-
uncover test
Anemia examination
age of 9 months and repeated at 2-3 yr
Iron supplements recommendations
full-term is
exclusively breastfed infants start 1 mg per
kg per day of elemental iron
supplementation at 4 months of age until
appropriate iron-containing foods are
Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDAs) for
Vitamin D:
0-12 month
400 iu (10 mcg)
Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDAs) for
Vitamin D:
1-13 yesrs
600 iu (15 mcg)
Anticipatory Guidance
Safety
• -Dental Care
• -Screen Time.
• -Sleep
• -Diet and Activity
Fa
Sun exposure time
5-30 min (10 am -3pm) at least twice a week (without sun screen)
Activity time
At least 60 mins per day
Growth montur through fontanelles
Post font cannot be palpated after 2 months of age
Ant font closes between 10 -24 month
Premature closes later
Minimal weight gain per day
30 g —-3 month
20 g ——-3—6 month
10 g ———6-12 month
Infant focous on face by age of
1 month
Infants move thweir eyes consistently and symmetrical
6 month
After which age does we should manage strabismus
After 3 months
Standardized audiometric hearing
3 years
Start oral fluride at
6 months
Water heaters should be maximum at
49 ć to prevent scald burns
Juices should be avoided beofre
12 month
Bottle in bed should
Never
Babies weaned by cup
At 12 months
Digital media should be avoided in
Younger than 18 month
Educational programs could be used
18-24 month
Exclusive breast feeding till
6 month
When and at what max time for screen
2-5 age max 1 hour per day scrreen
Food before 6 months
Inc risk for. Atopy obesity
Juice recommendation
Not before 1 year and if older should be 100 % only fruit
Dental examination then referal after
12 month
Neonatal screening program in phc
Thyroid
Pku
Hearing
Vision screening for neonate
By red reflexes
To rule out cong cataract
Retinoblastoma
Screening of vision by visual acuity at
3 years
Diference between newborn and infant at vision testing
How gross hearing is evaluated
Obesrving response to a sound ( startle , eye blinking , turning head towards ) is normal
Universal screening fpr hearing loss what timw how it is done
Before age of month
By OAE phase 1
ABR phase for whom failed phase 1
Obesity screening at
6 years
At what time evaluate adhd
4-18 years
Presented by academic or behavioral problem sticking to DSM criteris being supported by direct evidence from parents
Infants should receive rear facing car safety untill
2 years
How infants sleep at first 1 year
On back firm mattress withno soft objects or blankets
What inc risk for sudden infant death syndrome
Tobacco
Alcojol
Drugs
Sleeping with parents on same bed
