Adolscent Flashcards
What adolescents need &
why?
Information & skills (they are still developing)
• Safe & supportive environment (they live in an
adult world)
• Health & counselling services (they need a safety
In the patient interview with an adolescent
the yes/no and other types of closed-ended
questions should be limited
Many clinicians try to become instant friends
with teenagers, succeeding only in confusing
or antagonizing them.
Family Medicine
This is a change that many mothers and
fathers, as well as their teenage children, find
difficult.
Adolescents take an increasingly active role
in their own health care,
The USPSTF recommends screening for major
depressive disorder (MDD) in adolescents
12-18 y
The USPSTF concludes that the current evidence is
———- to assess the balance of benefits and harms
of screening for MDD in children (ages 7 to 11 years)
Insufficient
The USPSTF ———-
for hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in
adolescents and adults at increased
risk for infection.
Recommends
The USPSTF concludes that the current
evidence is ——— to assess the balance of
benefits and harms of screening for primary
hypertension in asymptomatic children and
adolescents to prevent subsequent cardiovascular
disease in childhood or adulthood.
Insufficient
The USPSTF ——— routine screening for
iron deficiency anemia in asymptomatic
pregnant women.
Grade: B Recommendation.
• The USPSTF concludes that the evidence is
———— to recommend for or against routine
iron supplementation for nonanemic pregnant
women.
Grade: I Statement.
Family Medicine
Recommend
Insufficient
The USPSTF ——- that clinicians screen
children aged 6 years and older for obesity and
offer them or refer them to comprehensive,
intensive behavioral interventions to promote
improvement in weight status.
Recommends
The USPSTF concludes that the current evidence
is ——- to assess the incremental benefit,
beyond the efficacy of legislation and
community-based interventions, of counseling
in the primary care setting, in improving rates
of proper use of motor vehicle occupant
restraints (child safety seats, booster seats, and
lap-and-shoulder belts
Insufficient
The USPSTF ———— that primary care
clinicians provide interventions, including
education or brief counseling, to prevent
initiation of tobacco use in school-aged
children and adolescents.
Recommends
Evidence is ————- to assess the balance of benefits and
harms of pharmacotherapy intervention for tobacco cessation
in pregnant women
• Grade: I Recommendation
• Evidence is ——— to recommend electronic nicotine
delivery systems for tobacco cessation in adults, including
pregnant women.
• Grade: I Recommendation
Family Medicine
Insufficient
What should you do if you found a teenager or non-pregnant women smoking
advise to stop, and provide behavioral interventions
for cessation; if nonpregnant, also offer U.S. Food
and Drug Administration– approved
pharmacotherapy for cessation.
that primary care
clinicians should provide the basic set of
immunizations
General agreement
Disagreement exists regarding the
recommended periodicity for routine health
evaluations.
Although Bright Futures, and AAP recommend
annual preventive service visits for
adolescents, the AAFP and USPSTF
recommend that these visits occur every one to
three years as necessary
Nutritional needs during adolescence are
increased because of the increased growth rate
and changes in body composition associated
with puberty.
By age 11 to 12 years, they should have received
A booster dose of tetanus if ≥5 years have elapsed
since their last dose; ideally, this booster should
include the acellular pertussis vaccine.
• Meningococcal vaccine
• Human papillomavirus vaccine
• Annual influenza vaccine
• Pneumococcal vaccine if they are at high risk for
infection
• Covid-19 vaccines
When teenagers take the tennis titanUs
A booster dose of tetanus if ≥5 years have elapsed
since their last dose; ideally, this booster should
include the acellular pertussis vaccine
The low intake of —- and —— among
adolescent girls is of particular concern.
Iron ca
Educate adolescents that “dieting” (the manipulation
of food intake and food choices driven by weight
concerns, as distinct from efforts to adopt healthy
eating and other lifestyle behaviors in the interest of
good health)
Not healthy
Efforts at weight reduction can compromise nutrition,
growth, and health and can increase the risk for the
development of an
Eating disorder
How to talk to teenagers about the risks of smoking
Instead of focusing on the long-term effects of
chronic smoking, the provider should emphasize
the immediate effects of smoking, including
chronic cough, exacerbations of asthma, greater
risk of pulmonary infections, atherosclerosis, and
the potential for rapid development of nicotine
dependence
Family Medicine Depart
recommends that school-age children
participate in
least 60 minutes per day of
moderate to vigorous physical activity that is
developmentally appropriate and enjoyabl
The 60 minutes of daily physical activity
should include activities that strengthen
muscles and bones on at least three days per
week
Examples of vigorous physical activity include
كوره
باسكت
نط حبل و جري
Examples of moderate physical activity include
hiking, skateboarding, and brisk walking
Muscle strengthening examples
rope climbing, weight
lifting, using resistance bands
Bone strength
نط حبل و جري skipping
Performing the preparticipation examination
Frequency— The AHA recommends that a
history and physical examination be performed
every two years during sports participation
conducted before each new level of participation
(eg, middle school, junior high, high school, and
Screenin of depression in adolscent
Phq2
Confirm by phq9
All married adloscents should recive
Daily folic acid
0.4-0.8 mg at least one month and continue till 2-3 month preganacy
Phq score
Phq 2 >= 3
Phq 9 >= 11
Obesity at percintile
> = 95 percentile
Overweight percentile
85>= , 94
