Child Development - Lecture Three Flashcards

Cognitive Development

1
Q

Criticism One

A

Babies don’t seem to start with nothing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q
  1. Space and objects
A

The Visual Cliff
The Effect of Occlusion
Understanding Support
Object Permanence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The Visual Cliff

A

Children appear to be able to perceive depth around the time they can crawl, some pre-crawling infants may be able to discriminate between the two sides of the ‘cliff’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The Effect of Occlusion

A

Habitation procedure- children prefer to pay attention to new and weird things, they then become accustomed to it, however, the moment something else new and weird happens they pay attention to it again

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Understanding of Support

A

Develops gradually by 6 months

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Object permanence

A

With the A not B effect, the children don’t actually believe the object is in location A however they have trouble overriding the motor habit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q
  1. Number and Mathematical Reasoning
A

Piaget said that infants had no concept of number and couldn’t conserve number until they were around 6-years-old but even 6 month-olds show some understanding of number

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q
  1. Social Cognition
A

Newborn babies would rather look at faces than scrambled faces
Intentions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Social Cognition at 3-weeks-old

A

Infants will attempt to imitate facial expressions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Social Cognition at 9-months-old

A

Infant looks in the direction of their mother’s gaze, this teaches them that other people have different perceptions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Intentions

A

Infants of 6-months-old appear to understand actions in terms of intended goals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Criticism Two

A

Cognitive development an all-or-nothing phenomenon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q
  1. Numerical Skills in Preschoolers
A

Counting

Numerical reasoning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Counting

A

Even when they don’t use the right numbers, toddlers understand what counting is all about

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Numerical reasoning

A

Children younger than 6 can generally conserve number if the task is relevant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q
  1. Social Cognition in Preschoolers
A

Egocentrism
Theory of Mind
Others’ likes and dislikes
True and false belief

17
Q

Egocentrism

A

Piaget thought that children were geocentric until they were around 7-years-old but even 3- and 4-year-olds can ‘pass’ a diorama task if it’s relevant
At 2 1/2 to 3 1/2 children will turn a book around so an adult can see it and bend down when talking to younger children and children under 1-year will turn to see what their mother is looking at

18
Q

Theory of Mind

A

A group of skills relating to the understanding of the existence of other people’s minds (their intentions, beliefs, likes and dislikes, perspectives, etc.), this allows us to be effective in social situations

19
Q

Others’ likes and dislikes

A

Broccoli vs crackers study where 18-month-olds gave the experimenter what she liked and the 14-month-olds have the experimenter what they liked

20
Q

True and false belief

A

One aspect of theory of mind, on average 4-year-olds pass and 3-year-olds don’t