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Science > Chemistry 8 > Flashcards

Chemistry 8 Flashcards

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1
Q

1st Atomic theory

A

Solid sphere 460-370BCE, Democrites

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2
Q

2nd Atomic theory

A

Plum pudding model 1904, J.J. Thompson

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3
Q

3rd Atomic theory

A

Nuclear model 1911, Rutherford (gold foil test)

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4
Q

4th Atomic theory

A

Planetary model 1913, Bohr

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5
Q

Current atomic theory

A

Quantum model 1926-now, Schrödinger

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6
Q

Groups 1, 2 and 3 of the periodic table…

A

give away electrons

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7
Q

Groups 5, 6 and 7 of the periodic table…

A

take electrons

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8
Q

Group 4 of the periodic table…

A

shares electrons

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9
Q

Noble gases are group…

A

8

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10
Q

Are noble gases reactive?

A

no

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11
Q

Halogens are group…

A

7

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12
Q

What happens as you move up the group of halogens?

A

They get more reactive

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13
Q

What happens as you move up group 1?

A

They get less reactive

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14
Q

Metals between groups 2 and 3 are…

A

transition metals

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15
Q

Groups 1, 2 and 3 have a ___ charge as ions

A

positive

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16
Q

Groups 5, 6 and 7 have a ___ charge as ions

A

negative

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17
Q

What is ionic bonding

A

Bonding between a metal and non-metal

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18
Q

What is covalent bonding

A

Bonding between two non-metals

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19
Q

Name 3 acids

A

HCl (Hydrochloric acid), HNO3 (Nitric Acid), H2SO4 (Sulfuric acid)

20
Q

Name 3 alkalis

A

Ca(OH)2 (limewater), NaOH (Sodium Hydroxide), Mg(OH)2 (Magnesium hydroxide)

21
Q

Hydrochloric acid makes

A

chloride salt

22
Q

Nitric acid makes

A

nitrate salt

23
Q

Sulfuric acid makes

A

Sulfate salt

24
Q

Acid + Alkali →

A

Salt + Water

25
Q

Acid + metal oxide →

A

Salt + Water

26
Q

Acid + metal carbonate →

A

Salt + Water + carbon dioxide

27
Q

Acid + metal hydroxide →

A

Salt + Water

28
Q

Acid + metal →

A

Salt + Hydrogen

29
Q

How do you test for hydrogen?

A

Squeaky pop test

30
Q

How do you test for carbon dioxide?

A

Limewater goes cloudy

31
Q

Endothermic

A

a reaction in which heat is absorbed

32
Q

Exothermic

A

a chemical reaction that produces heat

33
Q

What is the chemical reaction used in a cold pack?

A

NH4NO3 (s) + water = NH4NO3 (aq)

34
Q

What is the chemical reaction used in a heat pack

A

CaCl2 (s) + water = CaCl2 (aq)

35
Q

Atomic number

A

number of protons

36
Q

Mass number

A

number of protons and neutrons

37
Q

Ion

A

An atom or small group of atoms that has an electrical charge because it has gained or lost an electron

38
Q

Acid

A

Substance that releases hydrogen ions into liquid solutions

39
Q

Alkali

A

A base dissolved in water that that releases OH ions into liquid solutions

40
Q

Salt

A

A neutral substance

41
Q

Neutralisation

A

The reaction between an acid and a base, which produces a salt and water

42
Q

Chemical change

A

A change where a new substance is formed, bonds between atoms are broken, new bonds are formed, and atoms are rearranged

43
Q

Physical change

A

A change in the appearance of a substance without a new substance being formed

44
Q

Chemical bond

A

The join between two atoms that keep them connected

45
Q

Respiration

A

A chemical process in which energy is produced in the body from food using oxygen

46
Q

How do ionic bonds happen?

A

metal gives electrons and non-metal takes electrons

47
Q

How do covalent bonds happen?

A

They share electrons so that one can complete it’s outer shell

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