Chemical Examination

Question 1

Principle for pH

Answer 1

Double indicator system

Question 2

Normal urine pH

Answer 2

Random: 4.5- 8.0
First morning: 5.0- 6.0
With normal protein diet: 4.5-6.5

Question 3

Indicators in pH

Answer 3

Methyl red and bromthymol blue

Question 4

Methyl Red

Answer 4

Red to Yellow
4-6

Question 5

Bromthymol blue

Answer 5

Green to blue
6-9

Question 6

T or F:
pH is used to identify crystals and determined unsatisfactory spx

Answer 6

True

Question 7

Most indicative of renal dsx

Answer 7

Protein

Question 8

Major serum protein found in urine

Answer 8

Albumin

Question 9

Proteins normally found in urine

Answer 9

Albumin
Uromodulin
Serum and tubular microglobulin
Proteins from prostatic, seminal, and vaginal secretion

Question 10

Normal urine protein value

Answer 10

< 10 mg/ dL or 100 mg/24hrs

Question 11

Protein shows ______ in urine

Answer 11

White foam

Question 12

Presence of increase protein in the urine

Answer 12

Clinical proteinuria
(> 30 mg/dL or 300 mg/L)

Question 13

nNOT indicative of actu renal dsx and NOT detected by reagent strip

Answer 13

Pre-renal

Question 14

Pre renal results from….

Answer 14

Increased quantity of plasma protein in the blood

Question 15

Conditions associated in pre-renal

Answer 15

Septicemia/ sever infxn= increase APR
Hemoglobinuria= intravascular hemolysis
Myoglobinuria= muscle injury
MM= increased bence jones protein

Question 16

Bence jone protein precipitates at _____ and disappear at ____

Answer 16

40-60 celsius
100 celsius

Question 17

Suspected case of MM should be diagnosed by performing

Answer 17

Serum electrophoresis and immunoelectrophoresis

Question 18

Associated with true renal dsx

Answer 18

Renal proteinuria

Question 19

It is the most common type of renal proteinuria and the most clinically serious

Answer 19

Glomerular proteinuria

Question 20

Caused by oncreased pressure on renal vein when prolonged vertical position

Answer 20

Orthostatic proteinuria

Question 21

It occurs when normal tubular reabsorptive fxn is altered or impaired

Answer 21

Tubular proteinuria

Question 22

Indicator of diabetic nephropathy

Answer 22

Microalbuminuria

Question 23

What test is used for microalbuminuria

Answer 23

Micral test

Question 24

Decreased glomerular filtration

Answer 24

Diabetic nephropathy

Question 25

Protein produced by urinary tract or contamination of urine with protein during excretion

Answer 25

Post-renal

Question 26

Reference method to test albumin

Answer 26

Heat and acetic acid test

Question 27

T or F: The degree of turbidity in heat and acetic Acid test produced is proportional to tje amount of protein present

Answer 27

True

Question 28

Positive results for heat and acetic acid test

Answer 28

Diffuse cloud: 1+ Granular cloud:2+ Distinct floccule: 3+ Large floccule: 4+ [DGDL]

Question 29

Reagent used in SSA

Answer 29

3% SSA + 3mL of centrifuged urine

Question 30

Grading of SSA

Answer 30

No increase in turbidity: NEG Noticeable turbidity: TRACE Distinct turbidity: 1+ Turbidity with granulation: 2+ Turbidity with granulation and flocculation: 3+ Clumps of protein: 4+

Question 31

False positive in SSA

Answer 31

Radiographic dye Tolbutamide metabolites Penicillin Cephalosporins Sulfonamide [RT-PCS]

Question 32

False negative in SSA

Answer 32

Highly alkaline urine Diluted samples

Question 33

+SSA and +reagent strip

Answer 33

Presence of albumin

Question 34

+SSA and -reagent strip

Answer 34

Presence of other protein

Question 35

Most frequent chemical analysis

Answer 35

Glucose

Question 36

Clinical significance of glucose

Answer 36

Detection of DM

Question 37

Renal threshold of glucose

Answer 37

160-180 mg/dL

Question 38

Normal glucose value in urine

Answer 38

Random: 15 mg/dL Fasting: 2- 20 mg/dL/ 100 mL of urine

Question 39

A generalized test for gucose and other reducing substances

Answer 39

Benedict's test

Question 40

Results for Benedict's test

Answer 40

Clear blue color| blue precipitate: NEG Bluish-green color: TRACE Green color| G or Y precipitate: 1+ Y-G color| yellow precipitate: 2+ Y-O color| Y-O precipitate: 3+ Reddish yellow color| brick red precipitate: 4+

Question 41

A non specific test for glucose

Answer 41

Copper Reduction Method (clinitest tablet)

Question 42

Sensitivity of copper Reduction Method

Answer 42

200 mg/dL

Question 43

Reagents used in copper Reduction method

Answer 43

Copper sulfate Sodium carbonate and citric acid Sodium hydroxide

Question 44

Result for copper Reduction method

Answer 44

0 percent: NEG 1/4 percent: TRACE 1/2 percent: 1+ 3/4 percent: 2+ 1 percent: 3+ 2 percent: 4+

Question 45

+ clinitest and rgt strip

Answer 45

Presence of glucose

Question 46

+ clinictest and - rgt test

Answer 46

Presence of non glucose reducing sugar

Question 47

- clinitest and 1+ rgt strip

Answer 47

Presence of small amount of glucose

Question 48

- clinitest and 4+ rgt strip

Answer 48

False positive rxt

Question 49

Increased fat metabolism due to abnormal na carbohydrate utilization

Answer 49

Ketones

Question 50

Gerhard test is used only for

Answer 50

Diacetic acid

Question 51

Rothera's test detects

Answer 51

Acetone and diacetic acid

Question 52

Hart's test

Answer 52

Beta- hydroxybutyric acid

Question 53

yellow pigmented degradation product of hgb

Answer 53

Bilirubin

Question 54

Clinical significance of bilirubin

Answer 54

Screening of abnormal hepatobiliary fxn

Question 55

T or F: Those conjugated form of bilirubin are the only one that can appear in the urine

Answer 55

True

Question 56

Test used for bilirubin

Answer 56

Ictotest

Question 57

Positive results of ictotest

Answer 57

Blue to purple color

Question 58

Colorless pigment formed from the breakdown of bilirubin in the intestine

Answer 58

Urobilinogen

Question 59

Urobilinogen excretion peak at

Answer 59

2pm to 4pm

Question 60

Normal urine urobilinogen value

Answer 60

< 1 mg/dL or 1 erlich unit or 0.5 to 25 mg/ units/ 24 hrs