Chemical Bonding Flashcards
what does each dot represent
Each dot represents one valence
electron
what is special about noble gases
noble Gases have filled outer shells
what can lewis dot structures be used for
Lewis Dot structures or the valance electrons can predetermine the
way elements react or combine together to form compounds
molecular compounds
Held together with covalent bonds
Atoms share electrons with other atoms
Electrons-mutual sharing of a pair of
electrons
how is an ionic bond created
Ionic Bond: Results From the Force of Attraction Between a Cation and an Anion
ionic compounds
Atoms gain or lose electrons to
become ions
Cations with a positive charge and
Anions with negative charge
Attracted by oppositely charged ions
how is an ionic compound created
Ionic compound results when a metal reacts with a non-metal
Electrons are transferred.
Ionic compounds have a definite ratio of one kind of ion to another
define an ionic bond
Ionic bond: Electrostatic attraction between a positive ion (cation) and a
negative ion (anion)
how is ionisation energy calculated
Ionisation energy is calculated in the gaseous state (kJ/mol)
Applying a particular amount of energy atoms can gain or loose electrons
to form their respective ions
what is the octet rule
The octet rule: atoms gain or lose electrons to achieve an inert gas configuration
There is a degree of stability observed with a
filled valence shell:
what happens to the ionisation energy as we move across the periodic table
The ionisation energy increases as we move across the row in the periodic table.
This can be explained by the forces associated with the increasing positive nature
of the nucleus.
what are group-1 elements
alkali metals
what do the alkali metals have in common and what is the characteristic ionic charge
They all have one electron in their outer shell or they would like to lose one electron to have 8 electrons in their outer shell (achieve Noble Gas status)
characteristic ionic charge = +
what are group-2 elements
alkaline earth metals
what do the alkaline earth metals have in common and what is there characteristic ionic charge
They all have two electrons in their outer shell or they would like to lose two
electrons to have 8 electrons in their outer shell (achieve Noble Gas status)
characteristic ionic charge = 2+
group 3 characteristic ionic charge
characteristic ionic charge = 3+
group 4 characteristic ionic charge
Warning: C 4- or C 4+ both do not exist because the carbon nuclei cannot hold this
larger charge
group 5 elements
The most important one is N
It has 5 electrons in its outer shell and would like 3 electrons to complete the
Octet, hence its most characteristic ionic charge is
Group 6-Elements S and O what do they both have in common
Oxygen and Sulphur both have 6 electrons in their valence shells, therefore they would like to gain two electrons to complete the octet and achieve their Noble gas electronic structure.
Group 6-Elements S and O What is their characteristic ionic charge?
S2- O2-
what are the group 7 elements called
halogens
group 7 elements details lol
All have 7 electrons in their valence shells, therefore they would like to gain
one electron to complete the octet and achieve there Noble gas electronic
structure.
group 7 elements characteristic ionic charge
F -, Br -, Cl -,
