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Chem > Chem - Ch 2 > Flashcards

Chem - Ch 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

extensive property

A

a property that depends on the amount of matter in a sample

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2
Q

intensive property

A

a property that depends on the type of matter in a sample, not on the amount of matter

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3
Q

(pure) substance

A

matter that has a uniform and definite composition

either an element or a compound

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4
Q

What’s a good ‘test’ to see if something is a substance

A

if you’d reach your hand in, you’d get the same stuff every time

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5
Q

physical property

A

a quality or condition of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing the substance’s composition

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6
Q

solid

A

a form of matter that has a definite shape and volume

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7
Q

how are the individual particles arranged in a solid

A

packed closely together in a rigid arrangement

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8
Q

how are the individual particles arranged in a liquid

A

close together, but they are free to flow past each other

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9
Q

how are the individual particles arranged in a liquid

A

particles are relatively far apart and can move freely

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10
Q

liquid

A

a form of matter that flows, has a fixed volume, and an indefinite shape

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11
Q

gas

A

a form of matter that takes the shape and volume of its container; has no definite shape of volume

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12
Q

physical change

A

a change in which the appearance changes, but the composition does not

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13
Q

chemical change

A

a change in which there is a composition change

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14
Q

examples of physical change

A

melting, boiling, breaking, cutting, dissolving, state changes

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15
Q

is there any kind of chemical reaction taking place in a physical change

A

no

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16
Q

are physical changes often reversible or irreversible

A

reversible

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17
Q

signs of chemical change

A

produces bubbles, turns cloudy, temperature change, color change, change in smell or taste,

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18
Q

examples of chemical change

A

baking cookies, nail/penny rusting, fireflies glowing, burning gas, fire

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19
Q

Why do all samples of a given substance have the same intensive properties?

A

because a substance has a definite composition so the matter in each sample will be the same. Intensive properties depend on the type of matter, and not on the amount of it.

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20
Q

Describe a reversible physical change

A

something can be done to get it back the way it was before

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21
Q

Describe an irreversible change

A

nothing can be done to get it back the way it was before

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22
Q

How are liquids and gasses alike?

A

they both take the shape of their container

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23
Q

How are liquids and solids different?

A

a solid has a definite shape, a liquid has an indefinite shape

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24
Q

list the 3 states of matter in order of density

A

solid, liquid, gas

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25
Q

mixture

A

2 or more substances physically combined

not pure

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26
Q

heterogeneous mixture

A

not uniform in composition

components are not evenly distributed throughout the mixture

27
Q

examples of heterogenous mixture

A

ice cubes in liquid water
mashed, unpeeled potatoes
salad
sand

28
Q

homogenous mixture

A

uniform in composition

components are evenly distributed and not easily distinguished

29
Q

examples of homogenous mixture

A

green ink
mouthwash
salt water
air

30
Q

how can you tell what kind of a mixture it is

A

do spoon test - if you took 2 spoonfuls of the same mixture and if it looks like the same thing in each spoon, then its homo. if not, then its hetero

31
Q

solution

A

a homogenous mixture

32
Q

filtration

A

a process that separates a solid from the liquid in a heterogeneous mixture

33
Q

distillation

A

a process used to separate components of a mixture using differences in boiling points

34
Q

how is distillation accomplished

A

by boiling a liquid to produce a vapor. This vapor is then channeled into a condenser that has a cooling coil around it. This turns the vapor back into a liquid. The solid substances that were dissolved in the liquid remain in where they were because their boiling points were higher

35
Q

how are a substance and a solution similar

A

they both have a uniform composition

36
Q

how are a substance and a solution different

A

a substance is pure (an element or a compound) but a solution is not pure and is always a mixture of two or more things

37
Q

What are some ways to separate a mixture

A

distillation, filtration, evaporation, use a magnet, diff melting temps, pick apart by hand, dissolving, extracting based on solubility, diff densities

38
Q

element

A

simplest form of matter with a unique set of properties

cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means

39
Q

compound

A

a substance that contains two or more elements chemically combined in a fixed proportion

40
Q

How is a compound different from an element?

A

An element is the simplest form of matter that has a unique set of properties, while a compound is a substance that contains 2 or more elements chemically combined. Compounds can be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means, but elements can’t.

41
Q

table salt - compound, element, or mixture? why?

A

compound because it is made of two elements chemically combined

42
Q

salt water - compound, element, or mixture? why?

A

mixture because it is made of two compounds

43
Q

sodium - compound, element, or mixture?

A

element bc it is not combined with any other element

44
Q

what does H20 tell you about the composition of water

A

the compound water contains two parts hydrogen to one part oxygen

45
Q

chemical property

A

the ability of a substance to undergo a specific chemical change

46
Q

chemical reaction

A

a change in which one or more reactants change into one or more products

47
Q

reactant

A

a substance present at the start of a reaction

48
Q

product

A

a substance produced in a chemical reaction

49
Q

law of conservation of mass

A

in any physical change or chemical reaction, mass is conserved; mass can neither be created nor destroyed

50
Q

name 4 possible clues that a chem change has taken place

A

transfer of energy
a change in color
the production of a gas
the formation of a precipitate

51
Q

In a chemical reaction, how does the mass of the reactants compare to the mass of the products?

A

In any chemical reaction, the mass of the products is always equal to the mass of the reactants because of the law of conservation of mass

52
Q

water boils - physical or chemical change? clue?

A

physical

53
Q

charcoal burns in a grill - physical or chemical change? clue?

A

chemical (color change)

54
Q

bread dough rises when yeast is added - physical or chemical change? clue?

A

chemical (production of a gas)

55
Q

brittle - chemical or physical property?

A

physical

56
Q

melts at 140 degrees - chemical or physical property?

A

physical

57
Q

What is it called when a solid changes to a liquid

A

Melting

57
Q

What is it called when a solid changes to a liquid

A

Melting

58
Q

What is it called when a liquid changes to a gas

A

Boiling
Vaporizing
Evaporating

59
Q

What is it called when a solid goes directly to a gas

A

Sublimining

60
Q

What is it called when a gas goes directly to a solid

A

Depositing

61
Q

What is it called when a gas changes to a liquid

A

Condensing

62
Q

What is it called when a liquid changes to a solid

A

Solidifying

Freezing

Chem (20 decks)

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