AP Chem Chapter 4

Question 1

what kind of molecule is water

Answer 1

polar

Question 2

why does water have such a great ability to dissolve compounds

Answer 2

bc of its polarity

Question 3

what is hydration

Answer 3

the interaction between solute particles and water molecules

the positive end of the water molecule is attracted to the negatively charged anions and vice versa

Question 4

what is a salt

Answer 4

an ionic substance

Question 5

what happens when ionic substances (salts) dissolve in water

Answer 5

they break up into the individual cations and anions

the ions become hydrated and are dispersed

Question 6

are polar and ionic substances expected to be more or less soluble in water than non polar substances

Answer 6

more

Question 7

what is a useful rule for predicting solubility

Answer 7

like dissolves like

Question 8

what is an electrolyte

Answer 8

a substance that when dissolved in water produces a solution that can conduct electricity

Question 9

what is a solute

Answer 9

a substance dissolved in a liquid to form a solution

Question 10

what is a solvent

Answer 10

the dissolving medium in a solution

Question 11

what are weak electrolytes

Answer 11

a material that when dissolved in water gives a solution that conducts only a small electric current

Question 12

what are non electrolytes

Answer 12

a substance that when dissolved in water gives a nonconducting solution; does not ionize at all

Question 13

the extent to which a solution can conduct an electric current depends directly on what

Answer 13

the number of ions present

Question 14

what is an aqueous solution

Answer 14

a solution in which water is the dissolving medium or solvent

Question 15

what kinds of substances will both ionize and dissolve in water

Answer 15

any soluble ionic compound

Question 16

what do we know about solubility and acids

Answer 16

all common acids that d shelds will give us are soluble

Question 17

what quality is specific to strong acids (in other words, not all acids will do this, only strong acids)

Answer 17

all acids will dissolve (are soluble) but only strong acids will also ionize completely

Question 18

what are strong electrolytes

Answer 18

substances that are completely ionized when they are dissolved in water
gives a solution that conducts an electric current very efficiently

Question 19

what are the three classes of strong electrolytes

Answer 19

soluble salts, strong acids, and strong bases

Question 20

what are strong acids

Answer 20

an acid that will dissolve and ionize completely

Question 21

what are the strong acids

Answer 21

C - hydrochloric (HCl)
B - hydrobromic (HBr)
S - sulfuric (H2SO4)
P - perchloric (HClO4)
I - hydroiodic (HI)
N - nitric (HNO3)

Question 22

what are strong bases

Answer 22

soluble ionic compounds containing the hydroxide ion that ionizes and dissolves completely

Question 23

what are the strong bases

Answer 23

the group 1 hydroxides

the group 2 hydroxides; strong, but not very soluble; the part that does dissolve ionizes completely

Question 24

what are weak acids

Answer 24

any acid that ionizes only to a slight extent

Question 25

what are the weak acids

Answer 25

any/all acids that aren’t strong acids

Question 26

what is a weak base

Answer 26

a base that reacts with water to produce hydroxide ions to only a slight extent in aqueous solution

Question 27

what is molarity

Answer 27

concentration; moles of solute per volume of solution in liters

Question 28

what is the equation for molarity

Answer 28

M = moles of solute/liters of solution

Question 29

how do you find the molarity/concentration of each ion in a solution

Answer 29

find the molarity of the undissolved substance(s). then write a balanced ionic equation and used the mole ratios by multiplying the coefficient of the ion by the molarity of the whole substance