Chem - Ch 1 + 3

Question 1

What is the scientific method

Answer 1

a logical, Systematic approach to the solution of a problem

Question 2

What is chemistry

Answer 2

the study of the composition of matter and the changes that matter undergoes

Question 3

What is an observation

Answer 3

when you use your senses to obtain information

an observation can lead to a question

Question 4

What is an interpretation

Answer 4

information acquired through observing something and then using prior knowledge to make a conclusion about it

Question 5

What is a hypothesis

Answer 5

a proposed explanation for an observation

Question 6

What is an experiment

Answer 6

a procedure that is used to test a hypothesis

Question 7

What is the independent variable

Answer 7

the variable that you change during an experiment

also called the manipulated variable

Question 8

What is the dependent variable

Answer 8

the variable that is observed during the experiment

also called the responding variable

Question 9

What is a model

Answer 9

a representation of an object or an event when doing a difficult/impossible experiment (like w atoms)

Question 10

What is a theory

Answer 10

a well-tested explanation for a broad set of observations

Question 11

What is a scientific law

Answer 11

a concise statement that summarizes the results of many observations and experiments

Question 12

Do the steps of the SM always have to be followed in order

Answer 12

no because you can do different parts of it multiple times before you even do one step (4 hypotheses/experiments before 1 theory)

Question 13

What is the difference between a theory and a law

Answer 13

a law states a fact, and a theory tries to explain why that fact occurs

Question 14

What is the difference between the world’s meaning of the word theory and the scientific meaning

Answer 14

The world takes it to really mean hypothesis, but scientifically it’s very reliable. There is a possibility that a theory may need to be changed at some point in the future to explain new observations/results

Question 15

What is the difference between a theory and a hypothesis

Answer 15

[insert definitions of both] + a theory is basically a repeatedly well tested hypothesis that covers a large range of observations

Question 16

What is the metric system based on

Answer 16

powers of 10

Question 17

What is 1 mL the same as

Answer 17

1 cm3

Question 18

What is temperature

Answer 18

a measure of how hot or cold an object is

Question 19

What is density

Answer 19

the ratio of the mass of an object to its volume

Question 20

How can 4 10g objects have different volumes?

Answer 20

if the 4 objects have different densities

Question 21

Does the density of a substance depend on the size of the sample

Answer 21

no, density only depends on the composition of a substance, no on the size of the sample

Question 22

What happens to the density of a substance as temperature increases

Answer 22

the density decreases

Question 23

What is the equation for density

Answer 23

d = m/v

Question 24

What is the equation for slope

Answer 24

rise over run

y1 - y2 over x1 -x2

Question 24

What do the slopes represent

Answer 24

The density of our objects

Question 25

Are the slopes different for our two sets of objects, why or why not?

Answer 25

Yes, because the masses and volumes (and therefore, densities) are different in each set, which would make the slopes different

Question 26

What are good experiment errors

Answer 26

• estimating water levels wrong
• object wet before u weigh it
• wet fingers
• not checking water level each time
• splashing water

Question 27

How do you think that type of container used to measure volume affected your results

Answer 27

Some containers are more precise than others (graduated cylinder vs beaker, for example), so depending on the type of container you used, your results could be more or less accurate

Question 28

Which of your objects is most dense? How do you know?

Answer 28

Whichever one had bigger slope (since slope was the average densities of each object)

Question 29

As the density of a substance increases, the volume of a given mass of that substance…

Answer 29

Decreases

Question 30

If there is uncertainty in your measurements, how will your points fit the slope?

Answer 30

They won’t fit very well