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Chem > Chem - Ch 11 > Flashcards

Chem - Ch 11 Flashcards

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1
Q

what is a chemical equation

A

an expression representing a chemical reaction

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2
Q

what is a catalyst

A

a substance that increases the rate of reaction by lowering the activation-energy barrier; the catalyst is not used up in the reaction

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3
Q

is a catalyst a reactant or a product

A

neither

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4
Q

what is a balanced equation

A

a chemical equation in which mass is conserved

each side of the equation has the same number of atoms of each element

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5
Q

what is a skeleton equation

A

a chemical equation that does not indicate the relative amounts of reactants and products

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6
Q

what is a coefficient

A

a small whole number that appears in front of a formula in a balanced chemical equation

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7
Q

how do you write a skeleton equation

A

write the chemical formulas for the reactants to the left of the arrow and the formulas for the products to the right

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8
Q

what are the steps for writing and balancing a chemical equation

A

first write the skeleton equation, then use coefficients to balance the equation so it obeys the law of conservation of mass

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9
Q

What is present in the reactants of every combustion reaction

A

a hydrocarbon and oxygen (O2)

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10
Q

What makes up a hydrocarbon

A

hydrogen, carbon, and possibly oxygen

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11
Q

What is always present in the products of every combustion reaction

A

carbon dioxide and water

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12
Q

how would you identify a combustion reaction

A

a hydrocarbon and oxygen as the reactants, carbon dioxide and water as the products

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13
Q

how would you predict the products of a combustion reaction

A

always carbon dioxide and water

if not complete, carbon and carbon monoxide may also be products

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14
Q

what is always present in the reactants of acid-base reactions

A

an acid and a base

-a hydrogen compound and an OH compound

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15
Q

What is always present in the products of an acid base reaction

A

water and another compound

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16
Q

what is hydrogen always paired with in its compound in the reactants of acid-base reactions

A

an anion

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17
Q

what is OH always paired with in its compound in the reactants of acid-base reactions

A

a cation

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18
Q

what are acid-base reactions a subsection of

A

double replacement reactions

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19
Q

what are acid-base reactions often called

A

neutralizations

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20
Q

why are acid-base reactions always called neutralizations

A

they make things safe

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21
Q

how would you identify an acid-base reaction

A 
looks like a DR reaction
-2 compounds as reactants
-2 compounds as products
BUT will include an acid and a base
-acid will always have hydrogen (written 1st)
-base will always have OH (written 2nd)
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22
Q

what is always present in an acid

A

hydrogen

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23
Q

What happens in a combination/synthesis reaction

A

two or more elements or compounds combine to form one product

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24
Q

what happens in a decomposition reaction

A

one compound breaks into elements or smaller compounds

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25
Q

what happens in a single replacement reaction

A

part of an ionic compound is removed and replaced by a new element

26
Q

what happens in a double replacement reaction

A

ionic compounds dissolved in water switch partners

27
Q

how do you predict the products of an acid-base reaction

A

same way you do a double replacement reaction

one will always end up being water

28
Q

what does soluble mean

A

will dissolve in water

29
Q

what does insoluble mean

A

won’t dissolve in water

30
Q

what is a precipitate

A

insoluble substance that forms in a reaction

31
Q

what is the abbreviation a precipitate

A

ppt

32
Q

what do we call ionic compounds

A

salts

33
Q

what will soluble ionic compounds do

A

dissolve in water and break up into their ions

34
Q

what is a combination reaction

A

a chemical change in which 2 or more substances react to form a single new substance

35
Q

what is another name for a combination reaction

A

synthesis

36
Q

what is a decomposition reaction

A

a chemical change in which a single compound is broken down into 2 or more simpler products

37
Q

What is a single replacement reaction

A

a chemical change in which one element replaces a second element in a compound

38
Q

how do you know which element gets kicked out in a single replacement reaction

A

the metal kicks out the metal, the nonmetal kicks out the nonmetal

39
Q

how do you know if a single replacement reaction will actually take place or not

A

if the element alone on the reactant side is higher on the activity series than the element it’s kicking out

40
Q

what is a double replacement reaction

A

a chemical change that involves an exchange of positive ions between two compounds

41
Q

what is the activity series

A

a list of elements in order of decreasing activity

42
Q

what is a combustion reaction

A

a chemical change in which an element or a compound reacts with oxygen

43
Q

what does a combustion reaction often produce

A

energy in the form of heat and light

44
Q

what happens to the charges in a double replacement reaction

A

they stay the same throughout

45
Q

what are cations always paired with in a double replacement reaction

A

anions

46
Q

how many reactants do decomposition reactions have

A

one (its a compound)

47
Q

how many products do combination reactions have

A

one (its a compound)

48
Q

how can you identify a combination reaction

A

there is only on product (a compound)

2 (often) elemental reactants

49
Q

how can you predict the products of a combination reaction

A

a compound of the 2 reactants

50
Q

how can you identify a decomposition reaction

A 
one reactant (a compound)
2 (often) elemental products
51
Q

how can you predict the products of a decamp reaction

A

the separate elements from the reactant compound

52
Q

how can you identify a single replacement reaction

A

both the reactants and products consist of an element and a compound

53
Q

how can you predict the products of a single replacement reactions

A

the elemental reactant replaces the metal/nonmental (whatever the element is) in the compound

54
Q

how can you identify a double replacement reaction

A

the 2 reactants are compounds, the 2 products are also compounds

55
Q

how can you predict the products of a double replacement reaction

A

the 2 outsides go together, the 2 insides go together

56
Q

if a combustion reaction is not complete, what may be the additional products

A

elemental carbon (soot) and carbon monoxide gas

57
Q

what is a complete ionic equation

A

an equation that shows dissolved ionic compounds as disassociated free ions

58
Q

what is a spectator ion

A

an ion that is not directly involved in a chemical reaction

59
Q

what is a net ionic equation

A

an equation for a reaction in solution showing only those particles that are directly involved in the chemical change

60
Q

how can you predict the formation of a precipitate in a double replacement reaction

A

by using the general rules for solubility of ionic compounds

Chem (20 decks)

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