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Science Semester 1 > Checklist Term 1 > Flashcards

Checklist Term 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the basic structure of an atom?

A

A nucleus in the middle is filled with protons and neutrons, and outside that there are shells consisting of electrons.

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2
Q

What is an electron?

A

A negatively charged particle that circles the nucleus in an electron shell.

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3
Q

What is a proton?

A

A positively charged particle that resides in the nucleus.

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4
Q

What is a neutron?

A

A neutral charged particle that resides in the nucleus.

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5
Q

What is the nucleus?

A

A structure at the center of the atom that holds protons and neutrons.

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6
Q

What are electron shells?

A

Invisible lines which electrons follow around the nucleus.

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7
Q

What are valence electrons?

A

Electrons in the valence shell.

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8
Q

What are valence shells?

A

The outermost electron shells.

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9
Q

How can the mass number be used to determine the number of neutrons.

A

mass number = protons + neutrons. You can simply subtract the number of protons, or atomic number, from the mass number.

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10
Q

What is the mass number?

A

the number of a chemical element in the periodic system and on the periodic table that equals the number of protons in the nucleus of the atom.

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11
Q

What is a isotope?

A

isotopes are members of a family of an element that all have the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons..

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12
Q

Recall the relationship between electron configuration and reactivity.

A

The more electrons needed to fill the outer shell the more unreactive, whereas the less electrons needed to fill the outer shell the more reactive.

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13
Q

What is an element?

A

One type of atom

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14
Q

What is a compound?

A

two or more elements bonded together.

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15
Q

What are the characteristics of a metal?

A

-Solid at room temperature
-shiny/castrous
-good conductors of heat and electricity
-malleable (can be beaten/bent into shape)
-ductile (can be drawn into wire)
-high melting point (except mercury)

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16
Q

What are the characteristics of non-metals?

A

-mixture of solids/liquids and gases
-dull or glassy
-poor conductors of heat and electricity
-brittle (shatters when hit/bent)
-not ductile
-low melting point

17
Q

What are the characteristics of metalloids?

A

-have features of both metals and non-metals
-metallic in appearance
-brittle
-poor conductors of heat and electricity
-most behave chemically like non-metals

18
Q

How does a ion form?

A

To form an ion, an element must gain or lose an electron

19
Q

What is an ionic compound?

A

Ionic compounds are compounds made up of ions.

20
Q

How is a ionic compound formed?

A

An ionic compound is a compound that is formed by ionic bonding. Ionic bonding occurs through a process called electron transfer, where one atom gives electrons to another.

21
Q

What is ionic bonding?

A

Ionic bonding is a form of chemical connection in which one atom loses valence electrons and gains them from another.

22
Q

What are polyatomic ions?

A

Polyatomic ions are ions which consist of more than one atom. For example, nitrate ion, NO3-, contains one nitrogen atom and three oxygen atoms.

23
Q

What are covalent compounds?

A

A covalent compound is a molecule that is formed when two or more different atoms are connected with a covalent bond.

24
Q

What is a covalent bond?

A

A chemical bond formed when electrons are shared between two atoms. Usually each atom contributes one electron to form a pair of electrons that are shared by both atoms.

25
Q

What is a ionic bond?

A

Ionic bonding is a form of chemical connection in which one atom loses valence electrons and gains them from another.

26
Q

What is the difference between ionic and covalent bonding?

A

The difference between ionic and covalent bonds is how the electrons are used. In ionic bonding, one atom donates electrons to the other. In covalent bonding, the two atoms share electrons. Covalent bonds share electrons and ionic bonds donate electrons.

27
Q

What is a chemical reaction?

A

Chemical reactions are the processes by which chemicals interact to form new chemicals with different compositions. Simply stated, a chemical reaction is the process where reactants are transformed into products.

28
Q

What is activation energy?

A

the minimum quantity of energy which the reacting species must possess in order to undergo a specified reaction.

29
Q

How does a chemical reaction work in terms of energy, particles and collisions.

A

Particles must collide with enough energy in order to react. Collision theory explains how various factors affect rates of reactions. Chemical reactions can occur only when reacting particles collide with each other with sufficient energy.

30
Q

What are exothermic reactions?

A

The exothermic reaction is the opposite of an endothermic reaction. It releases energy by light or heat to its surrounding.

31
Q

What is an endothermic reaction?

A

An endothermic reaction is any chemical reaction that absorbs heat from its environment.

32
Q

How does concentration affect a reaction?

A

Allows for more reactions/collisions between particles allowing for a faster reaction.

33
Q

How does temperature affect a reaction?

A

Determines the speed at which the particles are moving at, meaning it determines the speed of the reaction.

34
Q

How does a catalyst affect a reaction?

A

Provides a quicker and alternative way for particles to collide making the reaction faster, while not using the catalyst itself.

35
Q

What is a synthesis reaction?

A

A synthesis reaction, also known as a direct combination or combination reaction, is a chemical process in which two or more simple elements or compounds combine to form a more complex product. It is represented by the equation: A + B → AB.

36
Q

What is a decomposition reaction?

A

A decomposition reaction is a reaction in which a compound breaks down into two or more simpler substances. The general form of a decomposition reaction is: AB→A+B.

37
Q

What is a displacement reaction?

A

A displacement reaction occurs when a more reactive element displaces, or pushes out, a less reactive element from a compound that contains the less reactive element.

38
Q

What is a mole?

A

How is a mole defined? A mole is defined as 6.02214076 × 10 to the power of 23 of some chemical unit, be it atoms, molecules, ions, or others.

39
Q
A

Science Semester 1 (15 decks)

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