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Human Development > Chapters 9,10, & divorce > Flashcards

Chapters 9,10, & divorce Flashcards

1
Q

Is the brain fully developed in adolescence?

A

NO

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2
Q

Do females or males brains develop sooner compared to males

A

females

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3
Q

Prefrontal cortex in adolescence

A

“judgment” region reins in intense emotions but doesn’t finish developing until at least emerging adulthood

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4
Q

Corpus callous in adolescence

A

nerve fibers connect the brains two hemispheres; they thicken in adolescence to process information more effectively

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5
Q

amygdala in adolescence

A

limbic system structure especially involved in emotion; this system is almost completely developed

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6
Q

Puberty

A

biological changes that develop a person into mature adults and prepare the body for sexual reproduction

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7
Q

What is causes earlier onset of puberty?

A

stress and weight

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8
Q

Is early or late timing of puberty more beneficial for boys?

A

early

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9
Q

Benefits of early onset puberty for boys

A

positive view of self, viewed by others as independent, mature, physically attractive, have more successful peer relationships, athletes, leaders

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10
Q

Long term effect of early onset puberty in boys

A

inflexible, conforming, and somewhat discontent adults

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11
Q

Late maturing in boys

A

Viewed as anxious, overly talkative, attention seeking, poorer body image which resolves after puberty

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12
Q

Long term effect of late maturing puberty in boys

A

stronger sense of identity in their 30s, more independent, flexible, and cognitively competent adults

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13
Q

Is early or late maturing more problematic for girls?

A

early

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14
Q

Early maturing in girls

A

high levels of depression, more likely to drink, smoke, suffer eating disorders, have older friends, engage in sexual relations earlier, less likely yo graduate from high school

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15
Q

Long term of late maturing in girls

A

well adjusted, regarded as attractive, lively, sociable

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16
Q

What are the 3 leading causes of death in adolescence

A

accidents, homicide, and suicide

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17
Q

Anorexia nervosa

A

an eating disorder in which an irrational fear of weight gain leads people to starve themselves

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18
Q

Bulimia nervosa

A

An eating disorder in which a person alternates between binge eating and purging

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19
Q

Piagets formal operational stage in adolescence

A

can easily perform mental operations on abstract concepts, logical and abstract thinking, hypothetical deductive reasoning

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20
Q

Imaginary audience in adolescence

A

feeling that everyone is watching me, its all about me; others are very concerned with what is happening to me

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21
Q

Personal fable in adolescence

A

I am highly special and unlike anyone else, that won’t happen to me, no-one understands my unique situation

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22
Q

Twenge’s research on the effects of social media

A

higher rates of depression and anxiety, mental health issues, more likely to feel lonely, not hanging out with friends, less dating, less likely to get enough sleep

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23
Q

in 2012, what percentage of Americans owned smart phones

A

50%

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24
Q

Erikson’s psychosocial stage: identity vs role confusion

A

who am I? relatively free from responsibility, able to try on new identities, experiment with different roles and personalities

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25
Q

components of identity development

A

career paths, political identity, religious identity, relationships, sexual identity, cultural identity, ethnic identity, physical identity, personality, interest, intellectual identity

26
Q

Moratorium identity status

A

Ongoing and active exploration of alternatives to find values and goals that fit; no current commitment; may seem frustrated or confused, but they are actively addressing these issues

27
Q

Identity achieved identity status

A

committed to a clearly formulated set of values and goals; have reached this stage after having passed through some exploration

28
Q

foreclosure identity status

A

have accepted values and goals that someone else has chosen for them; no exploration occurred

29
Q

diffusion identity status

A

do not have a firm commitment to values or goals; no exploring

30
Q

MAMA cycle

A

cycle of going through moratorium to achieved

31
Q

Identity achieved and moratorium identity status and psychological well being

A

higher self esteem, more abstract and critical thinking, more advanced moral reasoning

32
Q

foreclosure and identity diffusion identity status and psychological well being

A

low self esteem

33
Q

What percentage of first marriages end in divorce in the U.S?

A

40-50%

34
Q

what is the average length of a marriage that ends in divorce?

A

7-8 years

35
Q

If you graduate from college does your risk for divorce increase or decrease

A

decrease

36
Q

what percent of children with divorced parents live with their mom?

A

75%

37
Q

are divorce rates for remarriages higher or lower?

A

higher

38
Q

what percentage of American children whose parents divorce will have a step family within 4 years?

A

50%

39
Q

What factors impact the effects of parental divorce of children

A

conflict between parents, psychological well being of siblings, exposure to stress, attachment styles, father involvement, temperament, gender

40
Q

Are boys or girls more affected by parental divorce?

A

boys

41
Q

Reaction of preschool aged children to parental divorce

A

insecure, demanding, needy, regression, egocentric, blame themselves

42
Q

What did a longitudinal study reveal abut preschool children after parental divorce

A

showed lower imaginary play, and lower social and cognitive abilities

43
Q

reaction of school aged children to parental divorce

A

fantasize about parent, academic, behavioral and social issues, depression, rejection, loneliness, aggression

44
Q

reaction of adolescence to parental divorce

A

academic and behavioral and social issues, delinquent behaviors, “grow up too fast”, anger, depression, more likely to drop out of school, and higher suicide attempts

45
Q

What is the number one factor the influences Childs long term adjustment to parental divorce/

A

conflict between parents

46
Q

what type of parenting styles do mothers revert to after divorce?

A

authoritarian

47
Q

what type of parenting style do fathers revert to after divorce?

A

permissive

48
Q

sleeper effect

A

girls bounce back after 1-2 years, show later signs of adjustment issues; girls with absent fathers due to divorce were more provocative and more sexually active

49
Q

long term negative effects of divorce

A

less likely to get marries, higher divorce rates, less likely to have children, higher rates of anxiety and depression, lower levels of self esteem

50
Q

long term positive effects of divorce

A

better coping skills, more empathetic, more sympathetic

51
Q

divorce rates for remarriages are higher by what percent

A

60%

52
Q

unique tasks involved in remarriages that involve children

A

define and strengthen marriage, renegotiate biological parent-child relationships

53
Q

what are the three types of stepfamilies

A

stepfather, stepmother, blended/complex

54
Q

children from which family have the most adjustment problems

A

blended or complex

55
Q

children of divorced parents have the closest relationship with which parent?

A

the custodial parent

56
Q

wallerstein’s research on divorce

A

studied 60-100 children in clinical interviews; resulted that divorce is a life transitioning experience with scars that linger to adulthood. it is a major trauma in a Childs life, affects the ability to love and be loved

57
Q

Hetherington’s research on divorce

A

surveyed 1400 families. within two years of divorce, children are fundamentally well; divorce has little long lasting affects; only 25% have serious problems compared to 10% from intact families

58
Q

Dopamine and the onset of puberty

A

dopamine levels increase during adolescence; can be linked to increased risk taking and use of addictive drugs

59
Q

Nutrition and exercise during adolescence

A

obesity in adolescence is rising; exercise is declining

The use of screens correlates to adolescence being obese

60
Q

Sleep patterns during adolescence

A

Less sleep equals more problems for adolescence; only 32% of adolescence get 8 or more hours of sleep each night

61
Q

Development trends in identity status

A

identity formation neither begins nor ends during adolescence; in adolescence physical, cognitive, and socioemeitoinal development happen for the first time

Human Development (10 decks)

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