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Human Development > Chapters 11 & 12 > Flashcards

Chapters 11 & 12 Flashcards

1
Q

What is top-dog phenomenon?

A

Moving from being the oldest, biggest, and most powerful students in the school to being the youngest, smallest, least powerful

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2
Q

What age group feels the most “in-between” in terms of feeling like an adult

A

12-17

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3
Q

When is the peak physical performance?

A

between 19 and 26 years of age

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4
Q

When is the peak performance of cardiovascular and respiratory function

A

peaks at age 35

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5
Q

When is the peak for athletic skills

A

peak between 20 and 35

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6
Q

Overall health during emerging adulthood

A

fewer chronic problems. bad health habits from adolescence increase in emerging adulthood

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7
Q

Life satisfaction and physical health

A

life satisfaction later in life is linked to physical health in emerging adulthood

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8
Q

sleep in college students

A

70% do not get adequate sleep. pineal gland secretes melatonin one hour later in adolescence and early adulthood

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9
Q

Recommendations for better sleep

A

wake up at the same time everyday, get regular exercise, limit caffeine intake, avoid excessive alcohol intake, limit screen time before bed

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10
Q

Morality rales and accident rates during emerging adulthood - age differences and gender differences

A

emerging adults have more than twice the mortality rate of adolescents; males are involved in significantly more accidents than females in all 3 age groups

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11
Q

Substance abuse in emerging adulthood

A

peaks from 19-22 years then declines. up to 20% of ages 21-25 are substance users

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12
Q

Binge drinking in emerging adulthood

A

Described as having one or more alcoholic drinks in a row. often increases in college. binge drinking peaks at about age 21-22 and then declines

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13
Q

Marijuana use

A

Has simnifically increased. more common for people after college, than in college

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14
Q

Erkison’s psychosocial stage: intimacy vs isolation

A

intimacy: finding oneself while losing oneself in another person. intimacy involves self disclosure, sharing private thoughts

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15
Q

affects of identity status in intimacy vs isolation

A

failure to achieve intimacy results in social isolation

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16
Q

Secure attachment style

A

positive view of relationship, easy to get close to others, not overly concerned/ stressed about relationship

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17
Q

Avoidant attachment style

A

hesitant about getting involved in romantic relationships. tend to distance themselves from partner. negative views of partner, positive views of self

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18
Q

Anxious attachment style

A

demand closeness, less trusting, more emotional, jealous, and possessive. wants too much. negative view of self, positive view of partner

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19
Q

Fearful attachment style

A

negative view of self and partner

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20
Q

mere exposure effect

A

people tend to develop a preference for things merely because they are familiar with them

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21
Q

Do opposites attract

A

research is mixed on whether opposites attract, most research does not support this

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22
Q

Self monitoring

A

how concerned people are with the impressions that are making with others, their ability to control and modify their behaviors to fit the situation

23
Q

high self monitor

A

physical attractiveness is more important, less committed in relationships

24
Q

low self monitor

A

personality more important, more committed in relationship

25
Q

Sternberg’s triangular theory of love: passion

A

physical attraction and sexual attraction

26
Q

Sternberg’s triangular theory of love: intimacy

A

feeling of closeness, connection, self-disclosure

27
Q

Sternberg’s triangular theory of love: commitment

A

cognitive appraisal of relationship; intent to maintain relationship

28
Q

Infatuation love

A

sexual/physical chemistry. often predominates in early part of love relationships

29
Q

Fatuous love

A

sexual/physical chemistry plus commitment. lacks intimacy

30
Q

affectionate love

A

companionate love. intimacy plus commitment; lacks passion. desires to have the other near, based on deep, caring affection

31
Q

Consummate love

A

strongest love. involves dimensions of passion, intimacy, and commitment

32
Q

Meeting online for relationships

A

more marriage partners are meeting online. lower divorce rates

33
Q

are the rates of people getting marries increasing or decreasing?

A

decreasing

34
Q

Average age for men and women to get married

A

men- 29.3 women-27

35
Q

What is the average duration of marriage?

A

7-9 years

36
Q

How many individuals cohabitant during emerging adulthood?

A

40-50%

37
Q

Alternative to marriage cohabitation

A

no plans for marriage (often older, divorced), want committed relationships without legality

38
Q

precursor to marriage cohabitation

A

live together with plans to get married. most common in the U.S.

39
Q

Alternative to being single cohabitation

A

no plans for marriage, doesn’t last long

40
Q

Potential factors for the increase in cohabitation

A

personality factors (less committal, less likely to have religious commitment, non-traditional gender roles), age (over 23 less divorce rates)

41
Q

selection effect

A

those with stronger relationships follow traditional marriage path; those with doubts opt for cohabitation first

42
Q

Engagement and cohabitation

A

engaged prior to cohabitation: lower divorce rates

43
Q

benefits of a good marriage

A

live longer, healthier lives, feel less physical pain and emotional stress, fewer psychological problems

44
Q

When is the “honeymoon” stage over?

A

significant decrease in saying I love you, showing affection and sharing emotions after 1 year

45
Q

factors that help us stay in love

A

sense of equity, realistic expectations, self-disclosure, lack of criticism defensiveness, attachment style composition

46
Q

More numbers of years married causes higher or lower divorce rates

A

lower

47
Q

Trends in having children

A

romantic illusions about having a child, tend to parent the way our parents did, ago of having children has been increasing, u.s women having fewer children overall

48
Q

what is the average age of women and men to have children

A

women- 27, men-30

49
Q

Having children earlier

A

more physical energy, fewer medical problems with pregnancy and children, less built up expectations fro children

50
Q

Having children later

A

more time to consider and achieve life goals, more mature, have more life expereinces, better established in careers, more money

51
Q

Vocational identity

A

central component of emerging adulthood, college is considered an important step towards a career, positive correlation between college and income

52
Q

Factors that influence vocational choice

A

personality, family influence, teachers, gender stereotypes, access to vocational information

53
Q

Holland’s theory of career development

A

emphasis on personality types as major influence in career choice development, occupational choice is an expression of personality, members of an occupational group have similar personalities, occupational achievement, stability, and satisfaction depend on congruence between ones personality and job environment

54
Q

3 pieces of advice Megan Jay has for twenty somethings

A

get some identity capital, urban tribe is overrated, and pick your family now

Human Development (10 decks)

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