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AP European History > Chapters 9-10 > Flashcards

Chapters 9-10 Flashcards

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0
Q

What were the preconditions to the Black Plague?

A

Increased food supply from the 3 field system led to overpopulation, famine, and a high percentage of unemployed people.

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1
Q

When was the Black Plague present in Europe?

A

1347-1351

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2
Q

What were some popular remedies for the plague?

A

Aromatic amulets, moderate/temperate life, promiscuity, and flagellants

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3
Q

Give examples of economic consequences of the plague

A

Low demand for agricultural products, more money into cities, land converted to pastures

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4
Q

Give examples of social consequences of the plague

A

Skilled artisans were more valued and the church lost political power but gained revenue, higher value in peasants

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5
Q

How long was the Hundred Years’ War?

A

1337-1453 (116 years)

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6
Q

What was the Hundred Years’ War?

A

A war between France and England caused by dynastic rivalries and conflict over the French throne.

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7
Q

Who was Edward III?

A

The king of England who had claims to the French throne causing war.

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8
Q

Treaty of Troyes

A

1420 the English disinherited the Dauphin (Charles VII) so Henry V gets both thrones but dies before he can.

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9
Q

Who was Charles VII?

A

Dauphin-in-hiding who lets Joan of Arc do her thang

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10
Q

Joan of Arc

A

A 17 year old illiterate peasant who in 1429 repulsed the English at the Battle of Orleans.

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11
Q

Pope Boniface VIII

A

Tried to establish religious authority over secular authority from 1294-1303

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12
Q

Unam Sanctam

A

In 1302 pope Boniface asserted that worldly authority is subject to spiritual authority.

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13
Q

Philip IV “the Fair”

A

Resisted Pope Boniface’s attempt to have church>monarchy.

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14
Q

The Avignon Papacy

A

French influence in the Cardinals issued annates (taxes) and indulgences. Also called the Babylonian Captivity

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16
Q

The Great Schism

A

Pope Urban VI rejects the new papal court system and rivals French Pope Clement VII. Both rejected Pope Alexander V in the Conciliar Theory (1378-1417)

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16
Q

John Wycliffe

A

(1324-1384) an English philosopher pressed for royal>secular pope. Pragmatic realist and religious authority also counted on merits not wealth. Donatiam

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17
Q

Defender of Peace

A

Written by Marsilius if Padua in 1324 said there would be punishment in next life for first life sins and Popes are subject to secular authority

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18
Q

John Huss

A

“Hussites” believed in Donatism and questioned mystical happenings

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19
Q

Conciliarism

A

A hierarchy of the church with representatives overseeing pope. Councils>pope. Attempted at the council of Pisa but resulted in 3 popes

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20
Q

Council of Constance

A

(1414-1417) removed all three popes and elected through the council a new one. sacrosancta is council>pope

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21
Q

What was the Statute of Laborers?

A

Limited wages to pre plague levels and made it difficult for peasants to leave their farms

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22
Q

Council of Basel

A

(1431-1449) compromised with Hussites “Four Articles of Prague” and weakened church for more reformation opportunities.

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23
Q

The Italian Renaissance

A

Rebirth of classical thought, a revival if ancient learning, gradual release if the full whole nature of man, a prototype for the modern world, transition from Medieval times to modern times

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25
Q

Humanism

A

The study of Latin and Greek classics as well as the ancient church with the hope of reviving ancient norms and values

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26
Q

Francisco Petrarch

A

Father of Humanism

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27
Q

Leonardo as Vinci

A

L’uomo universale. The Vitruvian Man, Virgin of the Rocks, Mona Lisa

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28
Q

Raphael

A

The Modonnas, Liberation of St Peter, School of Athens

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29
Q

Michelangelo

A

David, the Pieta, Sistine chapel, Last Judgment

30
Q

Giotto

A

Transitioned art from Medieval to Renaissance art.

31
Q

Treaty of Lodi

A

Alliances between Naples, Florence, Milan, and the Papal States with Venice

32
Q

Ludovico il Moro

A

Duke of Milan who invited the French to go through Milan to take Naples.

33
Q

1st French Invasion

A

1495-Led by Charles VIII-retreats at the formation of the League of Venice

34
Q

The League of Venice

A

1495-Alliance between Spain, Venice, Papal States, (eventually) Milan and the Holy Roman Empire in response to the 1st invasion.

35
Q

2nd French Invasion

A

Pope Alexander VI of the Borgia Family invited Louis XII to help secure land after the Pope abandons the League of Venice. The French and Spanish split Naples.

36
Q

3rd French Invasion

A

Francis I at the Battle at Marignano defeats the Swiss. 1516- Pope Julius II presented the Concordat of Bologna

37
Q

Concordat of Bologna

A

1516-Allowed the French king to have control over French clergy (Gallican Liberties). The Papacy could collect annates and kept France Catholic.

38
Q

Pope Julius II

A

“Warrior Pope” who created the Holy League and instituted the Swiss guard.

39
Q

Niccolo Machiavelli

A

Nationalist, Humanist, and Republican who wrote “The Prince” in 1513 to the Medici family so that they could hopefully unify Italy. “The ends justify the means,” “It is better to be feared than loved.”

40
Q

Factors leading Feudal to National Monarchies

A

Black Death, 100 Years’ War, Alliance between the king and town, the Great Schism

41
Q

War of Roses

A

Battle for throne: 1455-1485 - Lancester v. York. Henry VI (Lancaster), Edward IV (York) Richard III (Mean uncle guy-York) ends with Tudor Dynasty (Henry VII)

42
Q

Valois dynasty

A

Philip VI (1st of Valois), Charles VII, Louis XI dissolves Burgundy.

43
Q

Louis XI

A

Dissolve Burgundy, National postal system, expanded trade.industry, checked nobility’s power

44
Q

Union of Castile and Aragon

A

Isabella and Ferdinand combine two largest states in Spain. French and Portugal opposed it.

45
Q

Ferdinand and Isabella’s accomplishments

A

Christianize land, secure borders, exploration, subdue disloyal factions (with the Hermandad)

46
Q

One v. Many

A

France, England and Spain-One won. Holy Roman Empire-the Many victorious

47
Q

Representative Assemblies

A

Estates General-France
HRE-Riechstag
Cortes-Spain
Parliament-England

48
Q

Northern Humanists characteristics

A

Various social statuses, Religious change, printing press

49
Q

Erasmus

A

Netherland, Adages (“Leave no stone unturned,” “Where there is smoke, there is fire.”, Philosophia Christi, Greek/Latin translations of New Testaments. “Laid the egg Luther hatched”

50
Q

Northern Humanists

A 
More-England
Lefevre/Bude-France
Rudolf/Reuchlin-Germany
Francisco Jimenez de Cisneros-Spain
Erasmus-Netherlands
51
Q

Printing Press

A

Created by Johann von Gutenberg

52
Q

Slaves in Portugal

A

150,000 take from Portugal to Europe

53
Q

European discoveries

A 
Prince Henry-Northern Africa
Amerigo Vespucci-Named America after him
Bartholomew-Cape of Good Hope
de Gama-Trade route to India
Magellan-Circumnavigate the globe
54
Q

Aztec Empire

A

Central America (Mexico and south)-defeated by Cortes

55
Q

Boartolome de Las Casas

A

Believed the treatment of slaves/natives is bad

56
Q

Pizzaro’s Conquest

A

Took South America-Andean-(Peru to Chile)- took over the Incas

57
Q

Labor Servitude in Latin America

A

The encomienda system, Repartimiento

58
Q

3 components of colonial economy of Latin America

A

Mining, Shipping, Agriculture

59
Q

Consequences of European Exploration

A

Inflation, Economic Growth, Spanish political power, more plant/animals, disease

60
Q

Papal Plentitude of Power

A

Gaves popes power over central power with political-not spiritual-goals. Disposed of benefactors.

61
Q

Ausculta fili

A

“Listen my Son” asserts that God made the Pope>King in 1301

62
Q

Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges

A

1438-Gallican Liberties-wanted National conrol of church affairs

63
Q

Babylonian Captivity

A

Avignon papacy-indulgences for material interest in Church

64
Q

The Great Schism

A

From 1378-1417-Pope Urban VI and Pope Clement VII battled for power

65
Q

Council of Pisa

A

Attempted to use Conciliarism-removed both popes but neither recognized the council

66
Q

Professions of Humanists

A

Teachers, playwrights, poets, secrataries

67
Q

Baldassare Castiglione

A

Civic Humanist who wrote the Book of the Courtier

68
Q

Dante Alighieri

A

Humanist who wrote the Divine Comedy

69
Q

Giovanni Boccaccio

A

Wrote the Decameron

70
Q

Christine de Pisan

A

The Treasure of the City of Ladies

AP European History (7 decks)

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