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AP European History > Chapters 20-21 > Flashcards

Chapters 20-21 Flashcards

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1
Q

Characteristics of Nationalism

A

Most important political force, geographic boundaries, cultural identity, language, leadership, history, religion, ethnicity

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2
Q

Congress of VIenna conflict with Nationalism

A

Legitimacy (hereditary monarchy), multinational-ism, popular soverignity

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3
Q

Difficulties of Nationalism

A

Determine which ethnic groups are nations (have viable economies, military, etc.)

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4
Q

Definition of Liberals

A

Anything contrasting/opposing conservatives

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5
Q

Political goals of 19th century liberals

A

Constitutionalism, expand electorate, unification

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6
Q

19th century liberals and origin of ideas

A

Educated, wealthy, merchants (status earned through merit), enlightenment, Britain, Principles of 1789

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7
Q

Regions of 19th century nationalistic pressures

A

Poland-Russia, Italy, Germany-Austria, Balkan-SE Europe, Ireland-Britain, Slovaks/Hungarians-E Europe

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8
Q

Economic goals of 19th century liberals

A

Laissez-Faire, monopolies

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9
Q

Pillars of 19th century conservatism

A

Throne, land, alter

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10
Q

Klemens von Metternich

A

Austrian political statesman-Most influential conservative

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11
Q

Burschenschaftens

A

Student clubs advocating liberal national change (Unification of Germany)

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12
Q

The Spa Field Riots

A

Dec. 1816-reaction to Lord Liverpool’s Acts (Suspension of habeus corpus

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13
Q

Peterloo Massacre

A

Aug 1819- Manchester-11 killed-Tried to tie it with Waterloo, led to Six Acts

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14
Q

Six Acts

A

Forbade unauthorized meetings, raised fines for seditious libel, speedy trials, increased newspaper taxes, prohibit city/local militia, allow non-warranted search/seizeure

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15
Q

Parliamentary actionas resulting from Decembrist revolts

A

–

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16
Q

Louis XVII as monarch

A

Tentative-The Charter-White- Terror convinces he needs to me more conservative

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17
Q

Major powers of Congress of VIenna

A

Britain, Austria, Russia, Prussia

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18
Q

Concert of Europe

A

Resolve common international issues, prevent future war, peacekeeping organization

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19
Q

Ferdinand VII’s rule after Napoloen

A

Promised constitutional monarchy-Dissolves cortes-1820-American revolts-agrees to rule consitutionally

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20
Q

Demands of Treaty of London

A

Recognize Greek independence

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21
Q

George Canning

A

Pull Britain out of continental affairs (Monroe Doctrine)

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22
Q

Revolts in Mediterranean Europe

A

Greek Revolution/Serbian Independence-1830

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23
Q

`Independence in Latin America

A

Inspired by French Revolution

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24
Q

Toussaint L’Overture impact on Latin American Independence

A

Secret conspiracy on Haiti-Slave rebellion

France abolished slavery in Haiti

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25
Q

Haitian slave rebellion

A

Lead by Toussaint L’Overture

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26
Q

Tsar Alexander I and political reforms

A

Was moderate—>conservative

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27
Q

Northern and Southern Societies

A

North-Liberal, abolish serfdom-constitutional monarchy-protect aristocratic privileges
South-More liberal than north-Representative gov.

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28
Q

Nicholas I and serfdom

A

Saw it was bad but would hurt nobles so no thanks

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29
Q

Slogan of Tsar CNicholas

A

Orthodoxy, Autocracy, Nationalism

30
Q

Uniqqueness/Significance of Decembrist Revolt

A

1825-Refuse Nicholas, 1st real revolt in Russia with specific political goal in mind

31
Q

Russian Tsar and infringements on other countries

A

Poland (governed as puppet state)

32
Q

Four Ordinacnes

A

Restricts freedom of press, dissolve Chamber of Deputies, limit voting pools , new ecetions

33
Q

Louis Philippe

A

Former Duke of Orleans, “July Monarchy” “King of the French”

34
Q

Charles X domestic policies

A

Believed in the Old Regime

35
Q

Great Reform Bill

A

Expand electorate by 200,000 (not vast majority of middle class or women), made widespread revolution unnecessary

36
Q

Daniel O’Connel

A

“The Liberator” Catholic independence in Ireland

37
Q

Great Britain and support for Latin American Independence

A

Expand influence, wanted resources

38
Q

Events in 1830

A

Serbian Independence, Greek Independence, November Uprising (Poland), July Revolution (France), Elections of 1830 (Britain)

39
Q

British industrial revolution investments

A

U.S., Latin America

40
Q

Population growth

A

1830-1850-Britain-16-19 mil
France: 32-36 mil
Germany 26-23

41
Q

Impact on cities due to urbanization

A

Pollution, starvation, housing, emancipation and emigration, crime, disease, resources limited

42
Q

Emacipation of Serfs in France, Prussia, Austria, Russia

A

France-1789
Prussia-1815
Austria-1848
Russia-1861

43
Q

Causes/Effects of Potato Famine

A

Plantations belong to England, Penal Laws, Blight, Poor Laws (evict Irsh tennants), dependency on potatos, led to mass emigration
Pop-1841-8 mil 1901-4.5 mil

44
Q

Railway improvements impact on consumer economy

A

George Stephenson-Migration, industrial revolution more, Captial not sonsumer investments

45
Q

Limits of workers

A

No say in new marketplace

46
Q

Proletarianization

A

Workers treated as commodities, confection

47
Q

Chartist reform movement/measures

A 
London Workingmen's Assn. -"The Peoples Charger" (expand electorate) Luddites-Target machines
First organized class unitwith specific goals
48
Q

Purpose behind Crystal Palace

A

Great Exhibition 1851-Show how products compatible with industrial age

49
Q

Relation between husband and wives

A

Men-employers, women employees

50
Q

English Factory Act

A

1833-Limit employment age 9, 9 hour/day, 2 hour education

51
Q

Work hours after 1847

A

10 max

52
Q

Requirements of new jobs for women

A

Less skill, lower wages, textile work at home

53
Q

Women in France employment

A

Land

54
Q

First organized police force

A

1828-Paris

55
Q

Trends of criminal activity

A

Escalated and plateau in 1860 because of police forces

56
Q

British criminals sent o Australia

A

Transportation, Capital punishment, purge Britain of maladies

57
Q

Auburn and Philadelphia System

A

Separate at night, always separate

58
Q

Classical economists and economic growth

A

Adam Smith-1st guy-laissez-faire (Wealth of Nations)

Free enterprise/competitive market

59
Q

Classical economists and roles of government

A

Still have roles to enforce contracts, foreign markets, etc.

60
Q

Thomas Malthus

A

Essay on the Principle of Population

Resources linear, population exponential (point of crisis) family planning, lower wages

61
Q

David Rcardo

A

Principles of Political Economy

“Iron Law of Wages” Keep low wages

62
Q

Jeremy Bentham

A

Utilitarianism-“Greatest good for the greatest number of people”-anticorn laws, poor laws

63
Q

Utopian socialist movements

A

Saint-simoniaism, Fourienism, Owenism (New Lanard)

64
Q

Count Claude Henri de Saint SImon

A

Technocracy-social harmony, unpopular

65
Q

Anarchists

A

Didn’t like organized government, industrialism, capitalism

August Blanqui, Pierre-Joseph Poudhon, Mutualism

66
Q

Karl Marx

A

1848-Communist Manifesto-Revolution through class conflicts

67
Q

Inspiration for Communist Manifesto

A

Hegel, Utopian Socialists, classical economists

68
Q

Regions of Revolution

A

France, Austria, Italy, Germany

69
Q

Revolutionaries backgrounds

A

Working class, women, political liberals, nationalists

70
Q

Results of 1848-9 revolutions

A

Failure, conservative gov. too strong

71
Q

Louis Philippe

A

Liberal opponents used banquets to criticize government,

1848-Government banned it->march through streets demanding reform and bye Guizot

AP European History (7 decks)

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