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AP European History > Chapters 15-17 > Flashcards

Chapters 15-17 Flashcards

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1
Q

Old Regime

A

Social, political, economic relationships in France before 1789

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2
Q

18th century Aristocracy

A

1-5% of population, wealthiest sector, separate parliament, influenced social and political life, willing to invest in innovations, power in parliamentary system

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3
Q

French nobility

A

“of the sword” “of the robe”, w/ royal court or not, exempt from taille, vingtieme(land tax), corvees, exclusive hunting rights. Poland-prevent centralization. Junkers (prussia) Szlachtas (poland) Boyars (Russian)

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4
Q

Aristocratic Resurgence

A

Nobility reacting to threat to positions; made it more difficult to become a noble, institutions against monarchy, more tax exemptions

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5
Q

Economic basis

A

Agrarian, land, wheat

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6
Q

English Game Laws

A

Benefit of household, landed gentry, royals, aristocrats, regulate could/couldn’t hunt on land

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7
Q

Family economy characteristics

A

Basic unit of production/consumption, servants, NW-nuclear, E-extended, serfdom, subsistence

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8
Q

Concerns of women

A

Establish/maintain household

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9
Q

Children

A

Sent to wet nurses, worked, economic burden, upper class got education, foundling hospitals

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10
Q

Bread prices

A

Rose slowly and steadily

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11
Q

Agricultural methods used by Dutch

A

Dykes (dams) Polders (drained ocean land) clover and turnips, fertilizer

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12
Q

Population 1700-1800

A

1700-120 million 1800-190 million

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13
Q

Crops introduced from New World

A

Cloer, turnips to replenish iron, animal fodder, potato, more crops/acre, more children surviving

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14
Q

Innovations/Contributors to Ag Revolution

A

Jethro Tull-Iron plow, seed, drill. “Turnip” Charles Townsend-fertilizer, crop rotation. Robert Bake well-selective breeding

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15
Q

Enclosure Movement

A

Consolidate land to enclose available land, replaced 2-3 Open Field System, commercialized agriculture

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16
Q

Open-Field System

A

2-3 Field system (one land left blank)

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17
Q

Cause/Effect/Characteristics of consumer revolution

A

More demand from more people, more income, disposable money, entrepreneurs, marketing (josiah wedgwood) arked by ag. Rev –> captialism

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18
Q

Most important industry in Industrial Revolution

A

Textile

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19
Q

Water frame

A

1769-Richard Arkwright-make woven fabric pure cotton led to small factories

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20
Q

Spinning jenny

A

1765-James Hargreaves-16 then 120 in 1800 times faster

21
Q

Flying shuttle

A

1730s-John Kay-weave fabric faster (created bottleneck)

22
Q

Power Loom

A

1780s-steam powered replaced water frame. Edmund Cartwright–> Urban factories

23
Q

Steam Engine Uses

A

Boats, machinery, mining, textile/cotton, construction, iron, RR, Agriculture

24
Q

Impact of Steam Engine

A

Better efficiency, inexhaustable, inanimate, increased/regularized energy-commercialization and heavy industry

25
Q

Inventors of Steam Engine

A

Thomas Newcomen (for mining) James Watts (improved to be adaptable)

26
Q

Henry Cort and Iron production

A

Improved puddling-increase iron production

1700-25,000 tons –> 1800->100,000 tons

27
Q

Putting-out system

A

Textile production, handmade, inefficient, domestic/putting-out system, merchant–>thread–>weave–>stitch

28
Q

Why England for Industrial Revolution

A

Resources, colonies, free-trade, London, international market, social mobility, stable economy

29
Q

Location of Jewish population

A

Ghettos, Poland, Lithuania, Ukraine

30
Q

Impact of Ag and Indutrial Revolutions on Women

A

diminished role in workforce–> domestic roles/less skilled, lower wages, cottage industry

31
Q

Stages of European contact since Renaissance

A

Discovery, mercantilism, imperialism, de-colonization

32
Q

Factors letting European nations to Domination

A

Mercantilism, superior technology, large navy/army

33
Q

Main rivals in colonization

A

Spain, England, France

34
Q

Mercantilism

A

Economic theory that nations depend on supply of captial

35
Q

Purpose of colonies and home country in Mercantilism

A

Provide for mother country

36
Q

Peninsulares

A

Spanish people in American (born in Spain)

37
Q

Purpose of Spanish Empire until mid-18th century

A

Supply Spain w/ precious metals

38
Q

Creole

A

Spanish person born in America but Spanish decent

39
Q

Areas of conflict

A

Colonies, Central/Eastern Europe

40
Q

War of Jenkins’ Ear

A

1739-1748-West Indies, England+Spain-opened conflicts between 3 major powers

41
Q

War of Austrian Succession

A

1740-1748-Frederick II invades Silesia-Prussia gets Silesia

42
Q

Alliances and Diplomatic Revolution of 1756

A

Switch to British w/ Prussia, France w/ Austria

43
Q

Seven Years’ War victors

A

Globally-British, Prussia as a nation

44
Q

Stamp Act

A

Increase revenue for Britain for debt

45
Q

Intolerable Acts

A

Closed Boston port, reorganize MA gov. Quartering troops, customs agents tried in British courts

46
Q

“Common Sense”

A

Thomas Paine-1776-Unite colonies against Brtitish

47
Q

Outcomes of American Revolution

A

Freedom for everyone except slaves, Native Americans, women

48
Q

Reasons for resentment against British taxes

A

No popular soverignity

49
Q

Ideas /events of basis of American ideals

A

Glorious Revolution, John Locke, Montesquieu, commonwealthmen

AP European History (7 decks)

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