Chapters 3 and 4

Question 1

Tools of Reflection

Answer 1

Logic
Speculation - hard to support with evidence
Imagination
Thinking

Question 2

Philosophical Claims About Values in Physical Activity

Answer 2

Personal opinion
speculation
probable assertion
truth assertion

Question 3

Truth assertion

Answer 3

claims that are difficult to question

Question 4

Probable assertion

Answer 4

claim around a considerable amount of evidence

Question 5

What is the goal of philosophy (in physical activity)

Answer 5

To understand our world and our lives in it

In physical activity, it is to better understand human movement

Question 6

epistemology and axiology definition

Answer 6

epistemology - investigation off what distinguishes justified belief from opinion
axiology - theory of value

Question 7

Inductive reasoning meaning

Answer 7

begins with specific cases to develop broad, general principles
ex: football -> common characteristics such as sport or dance

Question 8

All research methods of philosophy of physical activity

Answer 8

Inductive reasoning
Deductive reasoning
Descriptive reasoning

Question 9

Deductive reasoning meaning

Answer 9

begins with broad factual or hypothetical premises in order to determine more specific conclusions that follow them

Major premise: Sport requires physical skills
Minor premise: Chess does not require physical skills for a checkmate.
Conclusion: Chess is not a sport

Question 10

Descriptive reasoning

Answer 10

begins with one example of some
phenomenon and then varies it to see how dramatically it
changes
- change shows the central characteristics (of sport)

Question 11

When did philosophy in physical activity start

Answer 11

1960

Question 12

Common philosophies

Answer 12

Rules - skills needed
Competition
Respect/Ethics
Values

Question 13

what is materialism

Answer 13

The human being is nothing more than a complex machine

Question 14

what is dualism

Answer 14

the mind and body are separate, priority is given to the mind

Question 14

what is holism

Answer 14

the mind and body are interdependent

Question 15

rule of context

Answer 15

encourages you to make sense of a document’s language in relation to what the words mean

Question 15

why use history in physical activity?

Answer 15

teaches us about stability and change in the past to make reasonable decisions for the future

Question 16

what do historians of physical activity do?

Answer 16

mostly college members who identify and describe key patterns and analyze this

Question 17

rule of perspective

Answer 17

requires you to examine an authors relationships to the events described

Question 18

rule of omission

Answer 18

reminder that you only have partical records, so multiple sources is important

Question 19

when was the first physical activity profession observed?

Answer 19

late 19th century

Question 20

title ix

Answer 20

women cannot be excluded from physical activity

Question 21

Why do we need rules

Answer 21

for the purpose of creating a game - create an artificial problem

Question 22

goals of the history of physical activity

Answer 22

identify and describe patterns of change and stability in physical activity
analyze patterns to explain why certain things occurred