Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology 1500 > Chapters 3&4: Water & Carbon > Flashcards

Chapters 3&4: Water & Carbon Flashcards

Exam 2 Content 1

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the unusual properties that water has?

A

1.) the only common substance to occur naturally in all 3 states of matter
2.) the solid form (ice) is less dense than th liquid form

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Why are these unusual properties of water existing?

A

Due to the structure and chemical characteristics. The polarity of water, specifically.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What would you further classify the unusual properties of water as?

A

Emergent Properties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Is water polar or nonpolar?

A

polar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what does the polarity of water allow?

A

allows for hydrogen bonding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the FOUR emergent properties of water?

A

Cohesion, ability to moderate temperature, expansion upon freezing, versatility as solvent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is cohesion of water?

A

hydrogen bonds liquid water together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does cohesion help with?

A

transportation of water against gravity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is Adhesion?

A

an attraction between different substances. For example: water and plant cell walls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is Surface Tension?

A

measure of how hard it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How does water moderate temperature?

A

Water absorbs heat from warmer air and releases stored heat to cooler air. Water can absorb or release a large amount of heat with only a slight change in its own temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is Kinetic Energy?

A

energy of motion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is thermal energy?

A

total kinetic energy associated with random movement of atoms or molecules in a body of matter. DEPENDS ON VOLUME

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does temperature represent as far as kinetic energy goes?

A

Temperature represents the average kinetic energy of atoms in a body of matter

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is heat measured in?

A

calorie

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is specific heat?

A

amount of heat that must be ABSORBED or LOST to change 1 gram of substance by +/- 1 degree celcius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How does waters HIGH specific heat relate to its temperature?

A

water resists changing temperature better…DUE TO HYDROGEN BONDS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

When hydrogen bonds break…

A

heat is released

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Evaporation

A

transformation of a substance from liquid to gas

20
Q

What does water form when combined with other atoms?

A

hydration shell

21
Q

Why is carbon so diverse?

A

tetra valency

22
Q

Organic Chemistry

A

study of carbon based compounds

23
Q

What are the elements commonly found?

A

CHNOPS

24
Q

What is the largest organic molecule?

A

DNA

25
Q

When two carbons are joined by a double bond, what shape is formed?

A

A FLAT PLANAR Structure

26
Q

if singularly bonded carbons join together, what shape forms?

A

tetrahedral

27
Q

HONC

A

stands for the common compounds found in living organisms, and increases valency starting at 1, going to 4

28
Q

Hydrocarbons

A

organic molecules consisting of only carbon and hydrogen

29
Q

What are isomers?

A

same molecular formula, different structures

30
Q

Structural Isomers

A

Differ in covalent partnerships

31
Q

Why do isomers matter?

A

STRUCTURE DETERMINES FUNCTION

32
Q

Cis-Trans Isomers

A

Vary in arrangement of atoms around a double bond

33
Q

Enantiomers

A

“mirror images”

34
Q

Hydroxyl Group

A

Polar due to electronegativity. (-OH)

35
Q

Carbonyl Group

A

(>C=0) POLAR

36
Q

When the carbonyl groups are in the inside they are called?

A

Ketone

37
Q

When the carbonyl groups are in the outside they are called?

A

Aldehyde

38
Q

Carboxyl Group

A

(-COOH)
Acts as an acid

39
Q

Amino Group

A

(-NH2)
Acts as a base

40
Q

Sulfhydryl Group

A

(-SH)
Helps stabilize protein structure by forming a cross link

41
Q

Compound name for sulfhydryl group

A

Thiol

42
Q

Phosphate Group

A

(-OPO3^2-)
Negative Charge
Releases Energy

43
Q

Compound name for phosphate group

A

organic phosphate

44
Q

adenosine triphosphate

A

ATP

45
Q

Methyl Group? 2 functions and 2 characterisitcs?

A

(-CH3)
-Affects Expression of Genes
-Affects Shape and Function of Sex Hormone
-NON POLAR
-Hydrophilic

46
Q

Compound Name for Methyl Group

A

Methylated Compound

47
Q
A

Biology 1500 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions