Chapter 8: Introduction to Metabolism Flashcards
Cellular Respiration
Series of chemical reactions that extracts energy stored in sugars
What is process is cellular respiration needed to perform?
WORK
What are three examples of work?
1.) Moving solutes against a gradient
2.) Synthesizing macromolecules
3.) Motility
what is metabolism?
totality of a cells chemical reactions
metabolism is an….
EMERGENT PROPERTY
Explain a metabolic pathway
one that begins with a specific molecule and ends with a product
what does each step of a metabolic pathway contain?
specific enzymes
What are the two aspects of metabolism?
Catabolism & Anabolism
What is catabolism?
Process in which cells release energy by breaking down complex molecules into a simpler compound
What is anabolism?
process in which cells consume energy to build complex molecules
The study of how energy flows through living organisms
Bioenergetics
Are living things open or closed systems?
open
What is free energy?
portion of a systems energy that can do work when temperature and pressure are uniform in a living cell
When is a reaction sponatenous?
when there is a negative delta g, exergonic
What are the 3 main kinds of cellular work?
chemical, transport, mechanical
what is the hydrolysis value of ATP?
-7.3 kcal/mol
How do enzymes speed up processes?
by lowering energy barriers
What is Ea?
activation energy
What happens once a substrate binds to an enzymes active site?
an induced fit
what does the induced fit promote?
catalysis
what are cofactors?
non protein factors needed by some enzymes to assist with catalysis
when are enzyme inhibitors irreversible?
when they are covalently bonded
when are enzyme inhibitors reversible?
when they are non covalently bonded
what are the two types reversible inhibitors can be?
competitive or non-competitive
What are competitive inhibitors?
they directly bind to the active site, competing with the substrate
What are non-competitive inhibitors?
they bind to another part of the enzyme, to change the shape of the active site, making it impossible for the substrate to correctly fit into the active site
what is allosteric regulation?
a regulatory molecule reversibly binds to a protein at one site and affects the proteins function at another
What is the one type of inhibition that can be overcome by increasing the substrate concentration?
competitive inhibition
