Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology 1500 > Chapter 6: Tour of Cell > Flashcards

Chapter 6: Tour of Cell Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Cell Theory

A

All organisms are made of one or more cell, cells are the basic unit of organization in all organisms, cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Light Microscopes

A

Pass light through a specimen and can magnify up to x1000. Can see mitochondria, nucleus, chloroplast

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Scanning Electron Microscopes

A

Focus on a beam of electrons onto the surface of a specimen providing images that look 3D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Transmission Electron Microscope

A

Focus a beam of electrons through a specimen and allows resolution of the internal structures of the cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Cell Fractionation

A

Technique used to separate cells in terms of their major organelles. Allows scientists to study the organelles more closely and individually.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Basic features of all cells?

A

Plasma Membrane, Semifluid called cytosol, chromosomes made of DNA, Ribosomes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the difference between cytosol and cytoplasm?

A

Cytoplasm is a combination of cytosol and organelles. Cytoplasm is the “liquid” part of cytoplasm. There are NO organelles in cytosol!!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the plasma membrane made out of?

A

Phospholipid Bi-Layer. Hydrophilic head, hydrophobic tail.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Omnis Cellula e Cellula

A

All cells from cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Why is Surface Area to Volume Ratio so important in cells?

A

for functionality. Cells require a constant transport of fluids, nutrients and waste across the cell. Having a larger ratio is better.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Why do eukaryotes have internal membranes that form their organelles?

A

to allow for multiple processes to go on at once

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the protein that makes up chromosomes?

A

chromatin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What major process occurs in the nucleus?

A

DNA synthesis and RNA synthesis. (transcription and translation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What process occurs in the nucleolus?

A

rRNA synthesis. rRNA + proteins = ribosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does the nuclear envelope do? And what does it consist of?

A

encloses the nucleus, separating it from the cytoplasm. Is a double membrane consisting of phospholipid bi-layer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

function of nuclear pores?

A

regulate entry and exit of molecules from nucleus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

function of nuclear lamina?

A

covers inside of INNER MEMBRANE of nucleus, holding the nucleus’ shape.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the nuclear lamina made of?

A

protein lamina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are ribosomes made of?

A

rRNA and Proteins!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Ribosomes are…

A

NOT membrane bound organelles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the components of the endomembrane system?

A

Nuclear Envelope, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Golgi, Lysosomes, Vesicles + Vacuoles, Plasma Membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what is the function of the endomembrane system?

A

regulation of protein traffic and performs metabolic functions in the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

NEG LVP

A

components of Endomembrane System

24
Q

What is the endoplasmic reticulum (general) made of?

A

set of interconnected tubules and flattened membranes called cisternae

25
Q

What does the ER membrane exactly do?

A

separates the internal compartment of the ER, called the ER lumen from the cytosol

26
Q

What are the functions of the Smooth ER?

A

Synthesize lipids, detoxifies drugs and toxins, stores calcium ions.

27
Q

Why does the nucleus only store SOME of the cells DNA in a eukaryotic cell?

A

because some DNA is housed in the mitochondrion and or chlorolpast

27
Q

What is contained in the outer nuclear membrane?

A

Ribosomes

28
Q

Functions of the Rough ER?

A

Protein synthesis, glycosylation, make new membrane for the cell, distribution of transport vesicles.

29
Q

What is glycosylation?

A

adding carbohydrates to proteins after translation to form gylcoproteins

30
Q

what are these so called “transport vesicles”?

A

membrane sacs carrying proteins and other molecules

31
Q

why do the different sections of the golgi apparatus function differently?

A

They possess different structural polarity. The membranes of the cisternae differ in thickness and molecular composition

32
Q

what does the “cis” side do in the golgi?

A

acts and the receiving end

33
Q

what does the “trans” side do in the golgi?

A

acts as the shipping end

34
Q

What are the primary functions of the golgi as a whole?

A

post transitional modification of glycoproteins. sorts and packages proteins

35
Q

what is the function of lytic compartments?

A

to breakdown molecules by hydrolytic enzymes via hydrolysis

36
Q

what are two main examples of lytic compartments?

A

lysosomes and lytic vacuoles

37
Q

what is the function of the central vacuole in plant cells?

A

stores macromolecules, water, and ions

38
Q

what is the function of the contractile vacuole found in many freshwater protists?

A

pumps excess water out

39
Q

what is the function of the food vacuole, found in protists?

A

to ingest food. formed transiently by phagocytosis in proteins

40
Q

what is the exception to cells breaking down their components?

A

DNA

41
Q

what is the process called when cells break down and recycle their components?

A

Autophagy

42
Q

how does autophagy take place?

A

damaged or needing to be recycled organelles are packaged into vesicles, and fuse with lysosomes to breakdown their components via hydrolysis.

43
Q

What is the cellular cause of Tay-Sachs?

A

absence of lysosome(s), specifically ONE of the hydrolytic enzymes.

44
Q

what process takes place in the mitochondria?

A

cellular respiration

45
Q

what process takes place in the chlorplasts?

A

photosynthesis

46
Q

what does the endosymbiont theory state?

A

early ancestors of all eukaryotic cells engulfed a non photosynthetic prokaryotic cell, resulting in an endosymbiont relationship. Then, the new eukaryotic cell with a mitochondria engulfed a cell with a chloroplast! REPEAT

47
Q

What features among mitochondria and chloroplast are unique?

A

Double membranes, contain bacteria like ribosomes, circular DNA, grow and reproduce independtly

48
Q

What are the fold in mitochondria called?

A

cristae

49
Q

what is the pigment in chloroplasts called?

A

chlorphyll

50
Q

what is the description of the main function of chloroplasts?

A

converts light energy into chemical energy

51
Q

What are the membranes INSIDE of the chloroplast called? And their stacks?

A

Thylakoid Membrane. Granum are the stacks

52
Q

What is the inner fluid of the chloroplast called?

A

stroma

53
Q

what are the functions of peroxisomes?

A

detoxification, breakdown of fatty acids for energy

54
Q

what is the byproduct of peroxisomes?

A

hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)

55
Q
A

Biology 1500 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions