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Wine Crew > Chapters 13-16 Bordeaux, The Dordogne & SW France, Burgundy and Beaujolais > Flashcards

Chapters 13-16 Bordeaux, The Dordogne & SW France, Burgundy and Beaujolais Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the main black grape varieties in Bordeaux?

A

Cabernet Sauvignon
Cabernet Franc
Merlot
Petit Verdot

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2
Q

What are the 3 main white grape varieties in Bordeaux?

A

Sémillon
Sauvignon Blanc
Muscadelle

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3
Q

What is the climate of Bordeaux?

A

Bordeaux has a moderate maritime climate

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4
Q

The climate of Bordeaux is affected by which ocean current?

How does this current affect the climate?

A

The climate of Bordeaux is affected by the gulf stream.

It is a warm ocean current which moderates temperatures

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5
Q

How does the Atlantic ocean impact on the climate of Bordeaux?

A

It brings high levels of rainfall and humidity

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6
Q

The Bordeaux vineyards are protected from the worst of the Atlantic storms by what?

A

Coastal sand dunes

Landes forest

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7
Q

List 3 ways in which rainfall throughout the year can have a negative impact in Bordeaux

A
  1. Disrupt flowering and fruit set
  2. Promote rot
  3. Dilute flavours in the grapes at harvest
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8
Q

What technique has resulted in healthier grapes and a marked rise in the levels of sugar and flavour development at harvest time?

A

Changes in canopy management techniques

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9
Q

In Bordeaux, how many grape varieties are permitted under the appellation regulations?

A

13

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10
Q

Which Bordeaux grape variety?

Herbaceous or stalky flavours when unripe.
Vibrant fruit and floral notes when ripe.

A

Cabernet Franc

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11
Q

Which grape variety is the most widely planted in Bordeaux?

A

Merlot

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12
Q

Which Bordeaux grape variety?

Ripens fully only in very hot years.
Produces a very deep coloured, tannic wine.
Ages slowly

A

Petit Verdot

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13
Q

Petit Verdot is added in small quantities to a Bordeaux blend to add what characteristics?

A
  1. Tannin
  2. Colour
  3. Spicy notes
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14
Q

Top quality red Bordeaux is aged in what?

A

225 litre small oak barriques

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15
Q

What is the most important variety for sweet wines in Bordeaux?
Why?

A

Sémillon

Sémillon has thin skins and an affinity for noble rot

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16
Q

What aromas characterise a Bordeaux Sauvignon Blanc?

A

Citrus and green fruit aromas

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17
Q

Which grape variety is the one exception to the generalisation that all Bordeaux wines are blends?

A

Sauvignon Blanc

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18
Q

In Bordeaux, Sauvignon Blanc adds what characteristic to blended wines?

A

Higher acidity

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19
Q

Where in Bordeaux, is Sémillon and Sauvignon Blanc blended to form premium dry white wines?

A

Pessac-Léognan

Graves

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20
Q

Which Bordeaux grape variety?

Pronounced grapey, floral flavour
Important supporting role in sweet and dry wine production
Only makes up a small percentage of any blend

A

Muscadelle

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21
Q

What are flavour characteristics of Muscadelle?

A

Grapey, floral flavours

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22
Q

The best sweet wines of Bordeaux are matured in new oak barrels for up to how long?

A

Up to 3 years

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23
Q

Name the 2 rivers in Bordeaux

A

Garonne

Dordogne

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24
Q

What is the name of the estuary found in Bordeaux?

A

Gironde

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25
Q

Name major bodies of water that affect the climate of Bordeaux

A

Atlantic Ocean
Gironde Estuary
Garonne River
Dordogne River

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26
Q

Besides bodies of water, name 2 geographical items that affect the climate of Bordeaux

A

Gulf stream influence

Landes forest on west coast

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27
Q

What is another name for Bordeaux red wine?

A

Claret

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28
Q

Name the 4 smaller appellations within Haut-Médoc with the highest reputation

A

From North to South

Saint-Estèphe
Pauillac
Saint-Julien
Margaux

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29
Q

What is the type of soil in Bas-Médoc?

A

Clay with outcrops of gravel

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30
Q

What is the name and year of the classification in which the chateaux of Bordeaux were rated?

A

Bordeaux classification of 1855

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31
Q

What was classified in the Bordeaux classification of 1855?

How are they referred to?

A

Chateaux

Crus classés

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32
Q

The Bordeaux classification of 1855 refers to the best red wines from where?
How many ranks were the châteaux divided into?

A

Médoc

In the Médoc the châteaux were divided into 5 ranks

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33
Q

According to the 1855 classification, list the 5 top ranked red wine producing châteaux

A 
Châteaux Lafite Rothschild
Latour
Margaux
Mouton Rothschild
Château Haut-Brion
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34
Q

Which of the 5 top ranked red wine producing châteaux is not found in Médoc?
Where is it located?

A

Châteaux Haut-Brion

Graves

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35
Q

The Bordeaux classification of 1855 refers to the best white wines from where?
How many ranks were the châteaux divided into?

A

Sauternes

In Sauternes the châteaux were divided into 3 categories

36
Q

According to the 1855 classification, list the top ranked white wine producing châteaux

A

Château d’Yquem

37
Q

What is the type of soil in Graves?

A

Gravel

38
Q

Which Bordeaux appellation?

High percentage of Cabernet Sauvignon
Core of blackcurrant fruit, cedar notes from oak
Grippy tannins when young
Long ageing potential

A

Any of the following appellations in the Haut-Médoc

Saint-Estèphe
Pauillac
Saint-Julien
Margaux

39
Q

In Bordeaux, what and where are the 3 types of soil in Saint-Émilion?

A

On the plateau - gravel and limestone soils
On the escarpment - clay, limestone soils
Foot of the escarpment - sandy soils

40
Q

Which Bordeaux appellation?

Medium to high tannins
Complex red berry fruit and plum aromas
Tobacco and cedar notes developing as they evolve
Soft and rich mouth feel

A

Saint-Émilion

Wine produced from either the vines grown on the plateau NW of Saint-Émilion or on the escarpment to SE.

41
Q

What are the 2 principal appellations of the Right Bank?

A

Saint-Émilion

Pomerol

42
Q

Name 4 appellations in the Haut-Médoc

A

Saint-Estèphe
Pauillac
Saint-Julien
Margaux

43
Q

In Bordeaux, what 4 appellations share the name Côtes de Bordeaux?

A

Blaye
Cadillac
Castillon
Francs

44
Q

Describe a Côtes de Bordeaux wine

A

Merlot based

Meant for early drinking

45
Q

Where is the Dordogne located?

A

East of the vineyards of Entre-Deux-Mers

46
Q

What are 2 appellations of the Dordogne?

A

Bergerac

Monbazillac

47
Q

In the Dordogne, what wines are produced in Bergerac?

A

Red and white wines made from the same varieties as in Bordeaux

48
Q

In the Dordogne, what wines are produced in Monbazillac?

A

Sweet wines made from Sémillon and Sauvignon Blanc

49
Q

What are 4 wine regions in the South-West of France?

A

Cahors
Madiran
Jurançon
Côtes-de Gascogne

50
Q

What is the most important grape variety in Cahors?

A

Malbec

51
Q

In SW France, in Côtes de Gascogne, what grape variety is used to make light bodied white wines?

A

Ugni Blanc

52
Q

In SW France, in Madiran, what grape variety is used to make tannic red wines?

A

Tannat

53
Q

In SW France, in Jurançon, what grape variety is used to make sweet wines?

A

Petit Manseng

54
Q

In SW France, in Jurançon, what method is used to produce grapes with concentrated sugar?

A

Passillerage

Drying the grapes on the vine

55
Q

What is the soil type in Burgundy?

A

Extremely varied - shallow with better drainage on the hillsides, deeper and more fertile on the flat

56
Q

Burgundy is the home of what 2 grape varieties?

A

Chardonnay

Pinot Noir

57
Q

What are the characteristics of classic Burgundian Pinot Noir?

A

High acidity
Low to med tannins
Red fruit flavours in youth
Evolve into earth, game and mushroom

58
Q

What wine from Côte d’Or?

High acidity
Low to med tannins
Red fruit flavours in youth
Evolve into earth, game and mushroom

A

Pinot Noir

59
Q

Besides Chardonnay, which white grape variety is planted in Burgundy?

A

Aligoté

60
Q

Besides Pinot Noir, what red grape variety is planted in Burgundy?

A

Gamay

61
Q

What is the PDO hierarchy in Burgundy?

A

Regional Appellations,
Village Appellations,
Premier Cru,
Grand Cru

62
Q

What is a red wine called that could come from anywhere in Burgundy?

A

Bourgogne Rouge

63
Q

What is the only grape permitted to be planted in Chablis?

A

Chardonnay

64
Q

In Chablis, what is the major climatic problem?

How is it combatted?

A

Spring Frost

Heaters & Sprinklers

65
Q

In Chablis, where are you likely to find Grand Cru vineyards?

A

On South facing hillsides

66
Q

Which Côte in Burgundy is famous for producing the best Chardonnays?

A

Côte de Beaune

67
Q

The Côte d’Or is made up of which 2 areas?

A

Côte de Beaune

Côte de Nuits

68
Q

What are the 4 key villages of the Côte de Nuits?

A

Gevrey-Chambertin
Vougeot
Vosne-Romanée
Nuits-Saint-Georges

69
Q

What are the 7 key villages of the Côte de Beaune?

A 
Aloxe-Corton
Beaune
Pommard
Volnay
Meursault
Puligny-Montrachet
Chassagne-Montrachet
70
Q

In the Côte de Beaune which 2 villages produce only white wine?

A

Pommard

Volnay

71
Q

In the Côte de Beaune, which 3 villages have the highest reputations for producing Chardonnay?

A

Meursault
Puligny-Montrachet
Chassagne-Montrachet

72
Q

What 2 grape varieties are planted in the Côte Chalonnaise?

A

Chardonnay

Pinot Noir

73
Q

What are the 4 village appellations in Côte Chalonnaise?

A

Rully
Mercurey
Givry
Montagny

74
Q

What are the 3 grape varieties planted in the Mâconnais?

A

Chardonnay - most widely planted
Gamay
Pinot Noir

75
Q

What are the 2 most famous village appellations in the Mâconnais?

A

Pouilly-Fuissé

Saint-Véran

76
Q

Describe a high end wine from Pouilly-Fuissé

A

Chardonnay
Ripe notes of tropical and stone fruits
Toasty flavours from oak maturation

77
Q

What grape variety is grown in Beaujolais?

A

Gamay

78
Q

What is the traditional method of pruning in Beaujolais?

A

Gobelet

79
Q

What are the characteristics of Gamay?

A 
Fragrant wines
Aromas of raspberry and cherry
Medium tannins
Medium body
Can be served slightly chilled
80
Q

What is the PDO hierarchy in Beaujolais?

A

Regional appellations = (Beaujolais)
Beaujolais villages
Beaujolais Cru

81
Q

Wines labelled as Beaujolais Nouveau can only be from what PDOs?

A

Beaujolais (Regional)

Beaujolais Village

82
Q

What is Beaujolais Nouveau?

A

Wine specifically made for early drinking

Released in November and can only be sold until the following August

83
Q

What fermentation technique is used to produce Beaujolais Nouveau?

A

Carbonic or semi-carbonic maceration

84
Q

What are the flavour characteristics of Beaujolais Nouveau?

A

Light body
Low tannins
Red berry fruit
Notes of kirsch, banana and cinnamon like spice

85
Q

What are 4 Beaujolais appellations with the greatest production?

A

Brouilly
Morgan
Fleurie
Moulin-à-Vent

Wine Crew (14 decks)

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