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Wine Crew > Chapters 13-16 Bordeaux, The Dordogne & SW France, Burgundy and Beaujolais > Flashcards

Chapters 13-16 Bordeaux, The Dordogne & SW France, Burgundy and Beaujolais Flashcards

1
Q

What are the main black grape varieties in Bordeaux?

A

Cabernet Sauvignon
Cabernet Franc
Merlot
Petit Verdot

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2
Q

What are the 3 main white grape varieties in Bordeaux?

A

Sémillon
Sauvignon Blanc
Muscadelle

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3
Q

What is the climate of Bordeaux?

A

Bordeaux has a moderate maritime climate

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4
Q

The climate of Bordeaux is affected by which ocean current?

How does this current affect the climate?

A

The climate of Bordeaux is affected by the gulf stream.

It is a warm ocean current which moderates temperatures

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5
Q

How does the Atlantic ocean impact on the climate of Bordeaux?

A

It brings high levels of rainfall and humidity

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6
Q

The Bordeaux vineyards are protected from the worst of the Atlantic storms by what?

A

Coastal sand dunes

Landes forest

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7
Q

List 3 ways in which rainfall throughout the year can have a negative impact in Bordeaux

A
  1. Disrupt flowering and fruit set
  2. Promote rot
  3. Dilute flavours in the grapes at harvest
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8
Q

What technique has resulted in healthier grapes and a marked rise in the levels of sugar and flavour development at harvest time?

A

Changes in canopy management techniques

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9
Q

In Bordeaux, how many grape varieties are permitted under the appellation regulations?

A

13

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10
Q

Which Bordeaux grape variety?

Herbaceous or stalky flavours when unripe.
Vibrant fruit and floral notes when ripe.

A

Cabernet Franc

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11
Q

Which grape variety is the most widely planted in Bordeaux?

A

Merlot

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12
Q

Which Bordeaux grape variety?

Ripens fully only in very hot years.
Produces a very deep coloured, tannic wine.
Ages slowly

A

Petit Verdot

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13
Q

Petit Verdot is added in small quantities to a Bordeaux blend to add what characteristics?

A
  1. Tannin
  2. Colour
  3. Spicy notes
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14
Q

Top quality red Bordeaux is aged in what?

A

225 litre small oak barriques

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15
Q

What is the most important variety for sweet wines in Bordeaux?
Why?

A

Sémillon

Sémillon has thin skins and an affinity for noble rot

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16
Q

What aromas characterise a Bordeaux Sauvignon Blanc?

A

Citrus and green fruit aromas

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17
Q

Which grape variety is the one exception to the generalisation that all Bordeaux wines are blends?

A

Sauvignon Blanc

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18
Q

In Bordeaux, Sauvignon Blanc adds what characteristic to blended wines?

A

Higher acidity

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19
Q

Where in Bordeaux, is Sémillon and Sauvignon Blanc blended to form premium dry white wines?

A

Pessac-Léognan

Graves

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20
Q

Which Bordeaux grape variety?

Pronounced grapey, floral flavour
Important supporting role in sweet and dry wine production
Only makes up a small percentage of any blend

A

Muscadelle

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21
Q

What are flavour characteristics of Muscadelle?

A

Grapey, floral flavours

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22
Q

The best sweet wines of Bordeaux are matured in new oak barrels for up to how long?

A

Up to 3 years

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23
Q

Name the 2 rivers in Bordeaux

A

Garonne

Dordogne

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24
Q

What is the name of the estuary found in Bordeaux?

A

Gironde

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25
Name major bodies of water that affect the climate of Bordeaux
Atlantic Ocean Gironde Estuary Garonne River Dordogne River
26
Besides bodies of water, name 2 geographical items that affect the climate of Bordeaux
Gulf stream influence | Landes forest on west coast
27
What is another name for Bordeaux red wine?
Claret
28
Name the 4 smaller appellations within Haut-Médoc with the highest reputation
From North to South Saint-Estèphe Pauillac Saint-Julien Margaux
29
What is the type of soil in Bas-Médoc?
Clay with outcrops of gravel
30
What is the name and year of the classification in which the chateaux of Bordeaux were rated?
Bordeaux classification of 1855
31
What was classified in the Bordeaux classification of 1855? | How are they referred to?
Chateaux Crus classés
32
The Bordeaux classification of 1855 refers to the best red wines from where? How many ranks were the châteaux divided into?
Médoc In the Médoc the châteaux were divided into 5 ranks
33
According to the 1855 classification, list the 5 top ranked red wine producing châteaux
``` Châteaux Lafite Rothschild Latour Margaux Mouton Rothschild Château Haut-Brion ```
34
Which of the 5 top ranked red wine producing châteaux is not found in Médoc? Where is it located?
Châteaux Haut-Brion Graves
35
The Bordeaux classification of 1855 refers to the best white wines from where? How many ranks were the châteaux divided into?
Sauternes In Sauternes the châteaux were divided into 3 categories
36
According to the 1855 classification, list the top ranked white wine producing châteaux
Château d'Yquem
37
What is the type of soil in Graves?
Gravel
38
Which Bordeaux appellation? High percentage of Cabernet Sauvignon Core of blackcurrant fruit, cedar notes from oak Grippy tannins when young Long ageing potential
Any of the following appellations in the Haut-Médoc Saint-Estèphe Pauillac Saint-Julien Margaux
39
In Bordeaux, what and where are the 3 types of soil in Saint-Émilion?
On the plateau - gravel and limestone soils On the escarpment - clay, limestone soils Foot of the escarpment - sandy soils
40
Which Bordeaux appellation? Medium to high tannins Complex red berry fruit and plum aromas Tobacco and cedar notes developing as they evolve Soft and rich mouth feel
Saint-Émilion Wine produced from either the vines grown on the plateau NW of Saint-Émilion or on the escarpment to SE.
41
What are the 2 principal appellations of the Right Bank?
Saint-Émilion | Pomerol
42
Name 4 appellations in the Haut-Médoc
Saint-Estèphe Pauillac Saint-Julien Margaux
43
In Bordeaux, what 4 appellations share the name Côtes de Bordeaux?
Blaye Cadillac Castillon Francs
44
Describe a Côtes de Bordeaux wine
Merlot based | Meant for early drinking
45
Where is the Dordogne located?
East of the vineyards of Entre-Deux-Mers
46
What are 2 appellations of the Dordogne?
Bergerac | Monbazillac
47
In the Dordogne, what wines are produced in Bergerac?
Red and white wines made from the same varieties as in Bordeaux
48
In the Dordogne, what wines are produced in Monbazillac?
Sweet wines made from Sémillon and Sauvignon Blanc
49
What are 4 wine regions in the South-West of France?
Cahors Madiran Jurançon Côtes-de Gascogne
50
What is the most important grape variety in Cahors?
Malbec
51
In SW France, in Côtes de Gascogne, what grape variety is used to make light bodied white wines?
Ugni Blanc
52
In SW France, in Madiran, what grape variety is used to make tannic red wines?
Tannat
53
In SW France, in Jurançon, what grape variety is used to make sweet wines?
Petit Manseng
54
In SW France, in Jurançon, what method is used to produce grapes with concentrated sugar?
Passillerage | Drying the grapes on the vine
55
What is the soil type in Burgundy?
Extremely varied - shallow with better drainage on the hillsides, deeper and more fertile on the flat
56
Burgundy is the home of what 2 grape varieties?
Chardonnay | Pinot Noir
57
What are the characteristics of classic Burgundian Pinot Noir?
High acidity Low to med tannins Red fruit flavours in youth Evolve into earth, game and mushroom
58
What wine from Côte d'Or? High acidity Low to med tannins Red fruit flavours in youth Evolve into earth, game and mushroom
Pinot Noir
59
Besides Chardonnay, which white grape variety is planted in Burgundy?
Aligoté
60
Besides Pinot Noir, what red grape variety is planted in Burgundy?
Gamay
61
What is the PDO hierarchy in Burgundy?
Regional Appellations, Village Appellations, Premier Cru, Grand Cru
62
What is a red wine called that could come from anywhere in Burgundy?
Bourgogne Rouge
63
What is the only grape permitted to be planted in Chablis?
Chardonnay
64
In Chablis, what is the major climatic problem? | How is it combatted?
Spring Frost Heaters & Sprinklers
65
In Chablis, where are you likely to find Grand Cru vineyards?
On South facing hillsides
66
Which Côte in Burgundy is famous for producing the best Chardonnays?
Côte de Beaune
67
The Côte d'Or is made up of which 2 areas?
Côte de Beaune | Côte de Nuits
68
What are the 4 key villages of the Côte de Nuits?
Gevrey-Chambertin Vougeot Vosne-Romanée Nuits-Saint-Georges
69
What are the 7 key villages of the Côte de Beaune?
``` Aloxe-Corton Beaune Pommard Volnay Meursault Puligny-Montrachet Chassagne-Montrachet ```
70
In the Côte de Beaune which 2 villages produce only white wine?
Pommard | Volnay
71
In the Côte de Beaune, which 3 villages have the highest reputations for producing Chardonnay?
Meursault Puligny-Montrachet Chassagne-Montrachet
72
What 2 grape varieties are planted in the Côte Chalonnaise?
Chardonnay | Pinot Noir
73
What are the 4 village appellations in Côte Chalonnaise?
Rully Mercurey Givry Montagny
74
What are the 3 grape varieties planted in the Mâconnais?
Chardonnay - most widely planted Gamay Pinot Noir
75
What are the 2 most famous village appellations in the Mâconnais?
Pouilly-Fuissé | Saint-Véran
76
Describe a high end wine from Pouilly-Fuissé
Chardonnay Ripe notes of tropical and stone fruits Toasty flavours from oak maturation
77
What grape variety is grown in Beaujolais?
Gamay
78
What is the traditional method of pruning in Beaujolais?
Gobelet
79
What are the characteristics of Gamay?
``` Fragrant wines Aromas of raspberry and cherry Medium tannins Medium body Can be served slightly chilled ```
80
What is the PDO hierarchy in Beaujolais?
Regional appellations = (Beaujolais) Beaujolais villages Beaujolais Cru
81
Wines labelled as Beaujolais Nouveau can only be from what PDOs?
Beaujolais (Regional) | Beaujolais Village
82
What is Beaujolais Nouveau?
Wine specifically made for early drinking | Released in November and can only be sold until the following August
83
What fermentation technique is used to produce Beaujolais Nouveau?
Carbonic or semi-carbonic maceration
84
What are the flavour characteristics of Beaujolais Nouveau?
Light body Low tannins Red berry fruit Notes of kirsch, banana and cinnamon like spice
85
What are 4 Beaujolais appellations with the greatest production?
Brouilly Morgan Fleurie Moulin-à-Vent

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