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Wine Crew > Chapter 32 -37. California, Oregon, Washington, NY, Chile and Argentina > Flashcards

Chapter 32 -37. California, Oregon, Washington, NY, Chile and Argentina Flashcards

1
Q

In the USA, what does AVA stand for?

A

American Viticultural Area

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2
Q

In order for a winery to display AVA on its label what criteria must be met?

A

Minimum percentage of grapes from a single variety, vintage or AVA

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3
Q

What is the name of the current which impacts vineyards in California?
Is it a warm or cold current?

A

California Ocean Current

Extremely cold

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4
Q

What is the most widely planted black grape variety in California?

A

Cabernet Sauvignon

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5
Q

What 5 black grape varieties are planted in California?

A 
Cabernet Sauvignon
Zinfandel
Merlot
Pinot Noir
Syrah
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6
Q

What are the typical characteristics of a Californian Cabernet Sauvignon?

A

Full bodied
Concentrated ripe cassis flavours
Prominent spice from new oak barrels

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7
Q

Which black grape variety is considered California’s ‘own’?

A

Zinfandel

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8
Q

What style of wine is white Zinfandel?

A

Rosé

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9
Q

What are the characteristics of a Californian White Zinfandel?

A

Pale colour
Fruity
Medium sweet
Low in alcohol

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10
Q

Where are the largest plantings of Californian Merlot?

A

San Joaquin in Central Valley

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11
Q

What are the characteristics of a high end Californian Merlot?

A

Velvety tannins
Luscious body
Blackberry and plum flavours
High alcohol

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12
Q

What is the most widely planted white grape variety in California?

A

Chardonnay

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13
Q

What are the 2 white varieties planted in California?

A

Chardonnay

Sauvignon Blanc

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14
Q

What is Fumé Blanc?

A

Sauvignon Blanc (either oaked or un-oaked)

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15
Q

What 3 regions in California contain the majority of well known county appellations and AVAs?

A

North Coast
Central Coast
Central Valley

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16
Q

What 2 weather conditions affect the climate in the Napa Valley?

A

Morning fogs &

Afternoon cool breezes from San Pablo Bay

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17
Q

In the Napa Valley, name 7 AVA’s situated on the Valley floor

A 
Los Carneros
Stags Leap District
Yountville
Oakville
Rutherford
Saint Helena
Calistoga
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18
Q

What 2 grape varieties are predominantly planted in Los Carneros in the Napa Valley?

A

Pinot Noir

Chardonnay

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19
Q

In the Napa Valley, what geographical conditions affect the vineyards on the valley sides?

A

Not affected by fog as they lie above the fog layer
Cooled by their altitude
Impacted on by their aspect (West facing = hot afternoon sun)

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20
Q

In Napa Valley name 2 AVAs located on the valley sides

A

Howell Mountain AVA - west facing

Mount Veeder AVA - east facing

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21
Q

In the Sonoma Valley, name 4 AVAs

A

Russian River Valley AVA
Dry Creek Valley AVA
Alexander Valley AVA
Sonoma Coast AVA

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22
Q

In the Sonoma Valley, Russian River AVA is known for what style of wines?

A

High quality Pinot Noir and Chardonnay and Sparkling made from these varieties

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23
Q

In the Sonoma Valley, what impacts the climate of Russian River?

A

Petaluma Gap - a break in the coastal ranges produces cool, foggy conditions

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24
Q

What county, North of Sonoma Valley, produces a diverse range of wines?

A

Mendocino County

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25
Q

In the Northern Central Coast County of California, name 2 AVAs

A

Santa Cruz Mountains AVA

Monterey AVA

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26
Q

In the Southern Central Coast County of California, name 2 AVAs

A

Paso Robles AVA

Santa Maria Valley AVA

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27
Q

Where is the majority of wine made in California?

A

Central Valley

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28
Q

In California, where is Lodi AVA located?

What is it known for?

A

In the middle of Central Valley

Oldest and best Zinfadel

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29
Q

In California, Paso Robles AVA has notable plantings of what 3 black grape varieties?

A

Cabernet Sauvignon
merlot
Syrah

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30
Q

In Oregon, what AVA has the largest concentration of wineries and vineyards?

A

Willamette Valley - Northern Oregon

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31
Q

In Oregon, what grape variety is most widely planted in Willamette Valley?

A

Pinot Noir

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32
Q

In Oregon, what mountain range lies west of Willamette Valley?

A

Cascade Mountains

33
Q

In Oregon, what AVA lies east of the Cascade Mountains?

A

Columbia Valley AVA

34
Q

What 3 wine varieties are most produced in Washington State?

A

Merlot - elegant, age worthy
Cabernet Sauvignon
Chardonnay

35
Q

What is the most important area for wine production in New York State?

A

Finger Lakes AVA

36
Q

In NY State what variety of wine is Finger Lakes AVA most known for?

A

Riesling (perfumed)

37
Q

In Canada, what are the 2 most important vineyard regions?

A

Ontario

British Columbia

38
Q

What 2 grape varieties are used in Ontario to produce icewine?

A

Riesling

Vidal

39
Q

What is the name of the appellation system used in Canada?

A

Vintners Quality Alliance (VQA)

40
Q

What 2 provinces currently use the VQA scheme in Canada?

A

Ontario

British Columbia

41
Q

In Canada, what is ‘DVA’?

A

Designated Viticultural Area

Smaller subset of a VQA

42
Q

What is the most important DVA in Ontario?

What grape varieties?

A

Niagara Peninsula

Riesling & Vidal

43
Q

What is the most important DVA in British Columbia?

A

Okanagan Valley

44
Q

In British Columbia, what geographical conditions impact on Okanagan Valley

A

Lies between to mountain ranges = low rainfall
Northern latitude = long days during the growing season =increased time for photosynthesis and time to ripen
Large glacial lakes = extend growing season

45
Q

What is the climate of Chile?

A

Warm Mediterranean

46
Q

Name 3 features which result in cooling vineyards in Chile?

A

Cold Humboldt current
Prevailing winds blow cool air (fog) inland
Cold air descends from Andes overnight

47
Q

In Chile, what 3 terms may appear on the label to indicate distance from the coast?

A

Costa - coastal
Entre Cordilleras - between mountain ranges
Andes - mountains

48
Q

In Chile, what are the 4 principal DOs?

A

Coquimba
Aconcagua
Central Valley
Southern Region

49
Q

In Chile, are more black or white grape varieties planted?

50
Q

In Chile, what is the most planted grape variety?

A

Cabernet Sauvignon

51
Q

What are the 5 black grape varieties planted in Chile?

A 
Cabernet Sauvignon
Merlot
Syrah
Pinot Noir
Camenère
52
Q

In Chile, what 2 white international grape varieties dominate?

A

Sauvignon Blanc

Chardonnay

53
Q

In Chile, what are the 3 wine making subregions in the Coquimbo region?

A

Elqui Valley
Limari Valley
Chaopa Valley

54
Q

In Chile, what is the main challenge faced by winemakers in the Coqimbo region?

A

The lack of water

Coquimbo borders the Atacama Desert

55
Q

In Chile, what are the 3 wine making subregions in the Aconcagua region?

A

Aconcagua Valley
Casablanca Valley
San Antonio Valley

56
Q

In Chile, in Aconcagua Valley, what grape variety is dominant?

A

Cabernet Sauvignon

57
Q

In Chile, in Casablanca and San Antonio Valley, do white or black grape varieties dominate?

58
Q

In Chile, in San Antonio Valley, where would you find Sauvignon Blanc planted?

A

Leyda Valley

59
Q

What is the historical heartland of the Chilean wine industry?

A

Maipo Valley

60
Q

In Chile, what are the 4 wine making subregions in the Central Valley region?

A

Maipo Valley
Rapel Valley
Curico Valley
Maule Valley

61
Q

In Chile what characteristic is Cabernet Sauvignon known for in the Maipo Valley?

A

Minty character

62
Q

In the Central Valley of Chile, what 2 subregions is the Rapel Valley divided into?

A

Cachapoal Valley

Colchagua Valley

63
Q

In Chile, what are the 3 wine making subregions in the Southern region?

A

Itata Valley
Bio Bio Valley
Malleco Valley

64
Q

What mountain range lies between Chile and Argentina?

65
Q

What is Argentina’s flagship black grape variety?

66
Q

What is Argentina’s flagship white grape variety?

A

Torrontés

67
Q

In Argentina, what are the 2 most planted black grape varieties?

A

Malbec

Bonarda

68
Q

What is unusual about the vineyard locations in Argentina?

A

They lie close to the Andes in a series of irrigated oases in a desert
They lie at high altitudes 600-2000m above sea level

69
Q

Describe a wine made with the Torrontés grape variety

A

Intense fruity floral perfume
Medium body
Medium acidity
Flavours of stone fruits and melons

70
Q

Name 4 wine making provinces in Argentina

A

Salta Province
La Rioja Province
San Juan Province
Mendoza Province

71
Q

To avoid confusion, Argentinean wines from La Rioja are usually labelled as what?

72
Q

What Argentinean province is home to some of the worlds highest vineyards?

A

Salta Province

73
Q

In Argentina, how high are the vineyards of Salt province?

A

Over 3000m above sea level

74
Q

In Argentina, what is the dominant grape of the Salta province?

A

Torrontés

75
Q

In Argentina, which province accounts for the majority of wine produced?

A

Mendoza Province

76
Q

In Argentina, what is the name of a famous wine making department situated in Mendoza Province?
What variety of wine is it famous for producing?

A

The Luján de Cuyo

Malbec

77
Q

In Argentina, what is the name of the most southern winemaking region?

A

Patagonia Region?

78
Q

In Argentina, in the Patagonia region, what geographical conditions impact the winemaking?

A

Latitude (altitude is only 200-250m above sea level) = long daylight hours & cool nights
Strong desert winds provide a challenge

Wine Crew (14 decks)

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