Chapter_25_Study_Guide Flashcards
What are the major organs of the urinary system?
Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra
Each organ has specific functions in urine production and elimination.
What are the major functions of the urinary system?
Excretion of waste, regulation of blood volume and pressure, regulation of electrolyte balance, regulation of acid-base balance
These functions help maintain homeostasis in the body.
What are the gross structural features of the kidneys?
Renal cortex, renal medulla, renal pelvis, renal pyramids, renal columns
These structures play important roles in filtration and urine formation.
What is the difference between cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons?
Cortical nephrons: located primarily in the renal cortex. Juxtamedullary nephrons: located near the medulla with longer loops of Henle.
Juxtamedullary nephrons are more involved in concentrating urine.
What are the regions of the nephron?
Renal corpuscle, proximal convoluted tubule (PCT), loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule (DCT), collecting duct
Each region has specific functions in the filtration and reabsorption processes.
What is the function of the renal corpuscle?
Filtration of blood to form urine
It consists of Bowman’s capsule and the glomerulus.
What influences glomerular filtration rates?
Blood pressure, blood flow, filtrate osmotic pressure, and hydrostatic pressure
These factors determine how much fluid is filtered from the blood.
What types of transport mechanisms are found along the PCT and DCT?
Active transport, passive transport, osmosis, facilitated diffusion
These mechanisms are crucial for reabsorption and secretion processes.
How do hormones affect urine volume?
Hormones like ADH and aldosterone regulate water reabsorption and sodium balance
ADH increases permeability of the collecting ducts, leading to more water reabsorption.
What are the major steps involved in water reabsorption?
Filtration at the renal corpuscle, reabsorption in the PCT, loop of Henle, DCT, and collecting ducts
Each segment has specific mechanisms for water and solute reabsorption.
What are the structures of the ureters?
Muscular tubes that transport urine from kidneys to the urinary bladder
They utilize peristalsis to move urine.
What is the function of the urinary bladder?
Storage of urine until excretion
It has a muscular wall that contracts during urination.
What is the urethra’s role in the urinary system?
Conveys urine from the bladder to the outside of the body
It varies in length between males and females.
What is the micturition reflex?
Involuntary contraction of the bladder and relaxation of the urethral sphincters
It is triggered by bladder distension and regulates urination.
True or False: The kidneys play a role in regulating blood pressure.
True
They help regulate blood pressure through fluid balance and renin secretion.
List common urinary disorders related to output and frequency.
- Urinary incontinence
- Oliguria
- Anuria
- Polyuria
- Dysuria
These disorders can affect the normal functioning of the urinary system.
