Chapter 26 vocabulary (Fluid, Electrolyte, and Acid/Base Balance) Flashcards
What is antidiuretic hormone (ADH)?
Also known as vasopressin, a hormone that increases the volume of water reabsorbed from the collecting tubules of the kidney
ADH plays a crucial role in maintaining the body’s water balance.
Define dehydration.
State of containing insufficient water in blood and other tissues
Dehydration can lead to serious health issues if not addressed.
What is dihydroxyvitamin D?
Active form of vitamin D required by the intestinal epithelial cells for the absorption of calcium
Dihydroxyvitamin D is essential for maintaining bone health.
What does diuresis refer to?
Excess production of urine
Diuresis can be caused by various factors including medications and medical conditions.
Define extracellular fluid (ECF).
Fluid exterior to cells; includes the interstitial fluid, blood plasma, and fluids found in other reservoirs in the body
ECF plays a vital role in transporting nutrients and waste products.
What is a fluid compartment?
Fluid inside all cells of the body constitutes a compartment system that is largely segregated from other systems
Understanding fluid compartments is important for fluid balance and homeostasis.
Define hydrostatic pressure.
Pressure exerted by a fluid against a wall, caused by its own weight or pumping force
Hydrostatic pressure is crucial in processes like filtration in the kidneys.
What is hypercalcemia?
Abnormally increased blood levels of calcium
Hypercalcemia can lead to various health issues, including kidney stones.
Define hypercapnia.
Abnormally elevated blood levels of CO2
Hypercapnia can result from respiratory issues and can affect the body’s pH balance.
What does hyperchloremia indicate?
Higher-than-normal blood chloride levels
Hyperchloremia can occur due to dehydration or excessive salt intake.
Define hyperkalemia.
Higher-than-normal blood potassium levels
Hyperkalemia can lead to serious cardiac complications.
What is hypernatremia?
Abnormal increase in blood sodium levels
Hypernatremia often results from dehydration or excessive salt intake.
Define hyperphosphatemia.
Abnormally increased blood phosphate levels
Hyperphosphatemia is often associated with kidney dysfunction.
What is hypocalcemia?
Abnormally low blood levels of calcium
Hypocalcemia can lead to muscle spasms and other health issues.
Define hypocapnia.
Abnormally low blood levels of CO2
Hypocapnia can occur with hyperventilation and can affect the body’s acid-base balance.
What is hypochloremia?
Lower-than-normal blood chloride levels
Hypochloremia may result from prolonged vomiting or certain medications.
Define hypokalemia.
Abnormally decreased blood levels of potassium
Hypokalemia can lead to muscle weakness and cardiac issues.
What is hyponatremia?
Lower-than-normal levels of sodium in the blood
Hyponatremia can cause confusion, seizures, and other serious symptoms.
Define hypophosphatemia.
Abnormally low blood phosphate levels
Hypophosphatemia can affect energy levels and bone health.
What is interstitial fluid (IF)?
Fluid in the small spaces between cells not contained within blood vessels
Interstitial fluid is important for nutrient and waste exchange between cells and blood.
Define intracellular fluid (ICF).
Fluid in the cytosol of cells
ICF is critical for cellular processes and maintaining cell structure.
What is metabolic acidosis?
Condition wherein a deficiency of bicarbonate causes the blood to be overly acidic
Metabolic acidosis can result from various conditions, including kidney failure.
Define metabolic alkalosis.
Condition wherein an excess of bicarbonate causes the blood to be overly alkaline
Metabolic alkalosis can occur due to excessive vomiting or diuretic use.
What is plasma osmolality?
Ratio of solutes to a volume of solvent in the plasma; reflects a person’s state of hydration
Plasma osmolality is an important indicator of fluid balance and kidney function.
