Chapter4.ApGov.Juanita Espinoza

Question 1

Abraham Lincoln

Answer 1

Sixteenth president of the United STates, the first elected republican president, who served from 1861-1865, Lincoln who led the union during the civil war, was assassinated in 1865 by a confederate sympathizer John Wilkes Booth

Question 2

Abolitionists

Answer 2

A supporter, especially in the early nineteenth century, or an end to the institution of slavery

Question 3

Alien and Sedition Act

Answer 3

Laws passed in 1798 that allowed the imprisonment and deportation of aliens considered dangerous and criminalized false statements against the government

Question 4

Bill of attainder

Answer 4

a law declairing an act illegal without a judicial trial

Question 5

Bill of Rights

Answer 5

The first ten amendments to the US constitution which largely guarantees specific rights and liberties

Question 6

Black Lives Matter (BLM)

Answer 6

a recent social movement focused on direct protest and political activism against police brutality, mass incarceration, and related offenses against African Americans

Question 7

Burger Court

Answer 7

the period in supreme court history during which warren burger served as chief justice (1969-1986).

Question 8

Capital Cases

Answer 8

court cases in which a conviction may result in the application of the death penalty.

Question 9

Civil Libreties

Answer 9

The personal guarantees and freedoms that the government cannot abridge by law, constitution or judicial interpretation

Question 10

Civil Rights

Answer 10

The government protected rights of individuals against arbitrary or discriminatory treatment by governents or individuals

Question 11

Clear and present danger tests

Answer 11

Test articulated by the supreme court in schenck v us to draw the line protected and unprotected speech; the court looks to see whether the words used could create a clear and present danger that they will bring about substantive evils that congress sees to prevents

Question 12

Dejonge v Orgon (1937)i

Answer 12

supreme case that applied the first amendments protections of freedom of assembly to the states

Question 13

Direct Incitement Test

Answer 13

Test articulated by the supreme court in Brandenburg v Ohio holding that the first amendment protects advocacy of illegal action unless imminent lawless action is intended and likely to occur

Question 14

Double Jeopardy Clause

Answer 14

part of the fifth amendment that protects individuals from being tried twice for the same offense in the same jurisdiction.

Question 15

Due process clause

Answer 15

Clause contained in the fifth and fourteenth amendments; over the years it has been contructed to guarantee a variety of rights to individuals

Question 16

Due process rights

Answer 16

protections drawn from the fourth amendment and the bikll of right. due process may be procedural, ensuring fair treatment or substantive protecting fundamental rights

Question 17

Earl Warren

Answer 17

The fourteenth chief justice of the united states who served from 1953 to 1969 and led the court through an important liberal phase; previously a republican governor and vice presidential nominee

Question 18

Eighth Amendment

Answer 18

1913 amendment that created the nationwide prohibition on alchoholic bevrages; it was repealed in 1933

Question 19

Espionage Act

Answer 19

1971 law that prohibited urging resistance to h draft or disturbing anti-war leaflets; by the supreme court in schenck v us

Question 20

Eighteenth Amendment

Answer 20

a 1913 amendment that created the nationwide prohibition on alcoholic beverages; it was repealed in 1933.

Question 21

Establishment Clause

Answer 21

The first clause of the first amendment; it directs the national government not to sanction an official religion

Question 22

Exclusionary Rule

Answer 22

judicially created rule that prohibits police from using illegally seized evidence at that.

Question 23

Ex Post Facto Law

Answer 23

law thta makes an act punishable as crime even if the action was legal at the time it was commited

Question 24

First Amendment

Answer 24

Part of the bill of rights that imposes a number of restrictions on the federal government with respect to civil liberties, including freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition

Question 25

Fourth Amendment

Answer 25

part of the bill of rights that protects people from unreasonable searches and seizures of their persons houses, papers, and effects without a warrant from a judge among other guarentees

Question 26

Fourteenth Amendment

Answer 26

One of three major amendments enacted after the civil war, extending equal protection of the law to all citizens

Question 27

Fifth Amendment

Answer 27

number of restrictions on the federal government with respect to the rights or persons suspected committing a crime. it provides for indiciment by a grand jury and protection of self incrimination and prevents the national government from denying a persons life, liberty, or property without the due process law. it also prevents the national government from taking property without jusdification

Question 28

Fighting Words

Answer 28

words that by their very utterance inflict injury or tend to incite an immediate breach of peace. fighting word are not subject to the protections of the first amendment

Question 29

Free Exercise Clause

Answer 29

The second clause of the first amendment; it prohibits the US government from inheriting with a citizens right to practice his or her religion

Question 30

Fundamental Freedoms

Answer 30

Those rights defined by the court as essential to order, liberty and justice and therefore entitled to the highest standard of review

Question 31

Gitlow v New York (1925)

Answer 31

A supreme court case that extended the first amendment’s protections of freedom of speech and of the press to the state governments

Question 32

Grand Jury

Answer 32

group of citizens charged with determining wheter enough evidence exists for a case to go to trial. guarenteed by the 5th amendment

Question 33

Hate Speech

Answer 33

Communication that belittles a person or group on the basis of race, gender, ethnicity, or other characteristics

Question 34

Incorporation Doctrine

Answer 34

An interpretation of the constitution holding that the due process clause of the fourteenth amendment requires state and local governments to guarantee the rights in the Bill of Rights

Question 35

Lemon Test

Answer 35

Three part test created by the supreme court for examining the constitutionality of religious establishment

Question 36

Libel

Answer 36

False written statement that defames a person’s character

Question 37

Miranda RIghts

Answer 37

statements rewuired of polic that inform a suspect of his or her consititutional right protected by the fifth amendment, including the right to an attorney provided by a court if the suspect cannot afford one

Question 38

Miranda v Arizona

Answer 38

a landmark supreme court ruling holding the 5th amendment requires individuals arrested for a crime to be avised of their right to remain silent and to have a counsel present

Question 39

Miller v California

Answer 39

supreme court case that created the miller test to determine when sexually explicite expression was obscene and therefore beyond the protection of the first amendment

Question 40

New YorkTimes Co v Sullivan

Answer 40

case in which the supreme court concluded that actual malice must be proven to support a finding of libel against a public figure

Question 41

New York Times Co v US

Answer 41

The case in which the supreme court ruled that the us government could not bloc the publication of secret department of defense documents illegally furnished to the times by anti war activists aka pentagon papers case

Question 42

Ninth Amendment

Answer 42

Part of the bill of rights that makes it clear that enumerating rights in the constitutions or bill of rights does not mean that others do not exist

Question 43

Occupy Wall Street

Answer 43

A recent movement that promotes protests and political activism against income inequality and corporate greed

Question 44

Planned Parenthood of Southeastern Pennsylvania v Casey (1992)

Answer 44

sc decision in abortion replaced by the strict scrutiney standard of roe v wade with less syrungent undue burden standard

Question 45

Prior Restraint

Answer 45

Constitutional doctrine that prevents the government from prohibiting the speech or publication before the fact; generally held to be in violation of the first amendment

Question 46

Right to Privacy

Answer 46

the right to be left alone; ajudicially created primnciple encompassinfg a variety of individual actions protected by the penumbras cast by several constitutional amendments, including 1,3,4,9,14 amendments

Question 47

Roe v Wade (1973)

Answer 47

womans right to an abortion was protected by the right to privacy that could be found n the ill of rights to the states through the 14th amendment

Question 48

Sedition laws

Answer 48

Laws that make it illegal to speak or write any political criticism that threaten to diminish respect for the government, its laws or public officials. State sedition laws were overturned as a result of the 1925 gitlow supreme court decision

Question 49

Selective Incorporation

Answer 49

A judicial doctrine whereby most, but not all, protections found in the bill of rights are made applicable to the states via the Fourteenth amendment

Question 50

September 11th

Answer 50

terrorist plot carried out on september 11 2001 that hijacked civilia aircraft to attack the world trade center in new york and the pentagon

Question 51

Sixth Amendment

Answer 51

basic requirements of procedural due process for federal courts to follow in criminal trials. these include speedy trials and publci trials, impartial justive, trials in the state where the crime was commited, notice of charges, the right to confront and obtain favorable witness and the right to be counsiled

Question 52

Slander

Answer 52

untrue spoken statements that defames the character of a person

Question 53

Substantive due process

Answer 53

Judicial interpretation of the Fifth and fourteenth amendments due process clauses. Protect citizens from arbitrary or unjust state or federal laws

Question 54

Symbolic Speech

Answer 54

Symbols, signs, and other methods of expression generally considered to be protected by the first amendment

Question 55

Tenth Amendment

Answer 55

The final part of the bill of rights that defines the basic principle of American Federalism in stating that the powers not delegated to the national government are reserved to the states or to the people

Question 56

The Crown v Zenger (1735)

Answer 56

Legal case in the colony of New York that is considered a precursor to free press provisions in the constitution. The case did not set legal precedent, but did reflect a difference between British authorities and colonists with regard to press freedoms

Question 57

Undue burden test

Answer 57

a standard set by the supreme court in caset case 1992 that narres roe v wade and allowed a greater regulation of abortion by the states

Question 58

Warren Court

Answer 58

the period in supreme court history in which warren served as chief justice
noted for many rulings expanding civil liberties and rights

Question 59

Warren E Burger

Answer 59

the fifteenth chief justice of the us served in 1969 to 1986 and led the court in a conservative diection

Question 60

Whole woman’s health v Hellerstedt (2016)

Answer 60

abortion ruling that struck down state law provisions in texas as presenting an undue burden on women seeking abortions. decision invalidated numerous state and local laws that imposed similar limitations on clinics

Question 61

Writ of habeas corpus

Answer 61

petition requesting that a judge order authorities to prove that a prisioner is being held awfully and that allows the prisoner to be freed if the governments case does not pursuade the judge. habeas corpus ights imply that prisioners have a right to know what charges are being made against them