Chapter 3. AP Gov

Question 1

Confederation

Answer 1

Type of government in which the nationl governent derives its powers from the states; a league of independent states

Question 2

Iriquois Confederacy

Answer 2

A political alliance of American Indian tribes establised in the seventeenth century that featured aspects of the federal system of govrnment adapted by the farmer

Question 3

Monarchy

Answer 3

A form of government in which power is vestd in hereditary kings and queens who govern the entire society

Question 4

Totalitarianism

Answer 4

A form of government in which power resides iin leaders who rule by force in their own self-interestand without regard to rights and liberties

Question 5

Oligarchy

Answer 5

A form of government in which the right to participate depends on the possession of wealth, social status, military position, or achievment

Question 6

Democracy

Answer 6

A system of government that gives power to the people, wheter directly or through elected representatives

Question 7

Federal System

Answer 7

System of government in hich the national governmet and state governments share power and derive all authority from the people

Question 8

Unitary System

Answer 8

System of government in which the local and regional governments derive all authority from a strong central government

Question 9

Enumerated Powers

Answer 9

The powersof the national government specifically granted to congress in Article I section 8 of the constitution

Question 10

Implied Powers

Answer 10

The powers of the national government derived from the enumerated powers and th necessary and proper clause

Question 11

Tenth Admendment

Answer 11

The final part of the Bill of Rights that defines the basic principle of American Federalism in stating that the powers were not delegated to the national government are reserved to the states or to the people

Question 12

Reserved Powers

Answer 12

Powers reserved to the states by the tent amendment that lie at the foundation of a state’s right to legislate for public health and welfare of its citizens

Question 13

concurrent powers

Answer 13

powers shared by the national and state governments

Question 14

Bill of Attainder

Answer 14

A law declaring an act of illegal without judicial triail

Question 15

Ex Post Facto law

Answer 15

Law that makes an act punishable as a crime, even if the action was legal at the time it was committed

Question 16

Full faith and credit clause

Answer 16

Section of article IV of the constitution that ensures judicial decrees and contracts made in one state will be binding and enforceable in any other state

Question 17

Privileges and immunities clause

Answer 17

Part of Article IV of the constitution guaranteeing that the citizens of each state are afforded the same rights as citizens of all other states

Question 18

Extradition clause

Answer 18

Part of Article IV of the constitution that requires states to extradite, or return, criminals to states where they have been convicted or are to stand trial

Question 19

Interstate compacts

Answer 19

Contracts between states that carry the force of law; generally now used as a tool to address multistage policy concerns

Question 20

Dillon’s RUle

Answer 20

a premise articulated by Judge John F DIllon in 1868 which states that local governments do not have any inherent sovereignty and instead must be authorized by state governments that can create or abolish them

Question 21

Charter

Answer 21

document that, like a constitution, specifies the basic policies, procedures, and institutions of sloven governments must be approved by state legislatures

Question 22

Counties

Answer 22

The basic administrative units of local government

Question 23

Municipalities

Answer 23

City governments created in response to the emergence of relatively densely populated areas

Question 24

special district

Answer 24

a local government that is restricted to a popular function

Question 25

John Marshall

Answer 25

The longest serving Supreme court chief justice, Marshall served from 1801 to 1835. Marshal’s decision in Marbury v Madison established the principle of judicial review in the United States

Question 26

McCulloch v Maryland

Answer 26

The supreme court upheld the power of the national government and denied the right of a state to the tax the federal bank, using constitution supremacy clause. The Courts broad interpretation of necessary and proper clause paved the way for later rulings upholding expansive federal powers

Question 27

Gibbons v Ogden (1824)

Answer 27

The supreme court upheld broad congressional power to regulate interstate commerce. The courts broad interpretation of the constitution’s commerce clause paved the way for later rulings upholding expansive federal powers

Question 28

Barron v Baltimore (1833)

Answer 28

Supreme court ruling that, before the Civil War, Limited the applicability of the Bill of Rights to the federal government and not the states

Question 29

Roger B. Taney

Answer 29

Supreme Court Chief Justice who served from 1835-1864. Taney supported slavery and states rights in the pre-civil War era

Question 30

Dual Federalism

Answer 30

The belief that having separate and equally powerful levels of government is the best arrangement, often referred to as layer-cake federalism

Question 31

Nullification

Answer 31

The belief in the right of a state to declare void a federal law

Question 32

John C Calhoun

Answer 32

A politician theorist from South Carolina who supported slavery and states rights in the pre-civil war era and served as vice president from 1825-1832

Question 33

Dred Scott v Sandford (1857)

Answer 33

A supreme court that ruled the Missouri Comprise unconstitutional and denied citizenship rights to enslaved African Americans. Dred Scott heightened tensions between the pro-slavery South and the abolished North in the run up to civil war

Question 34

Civil War

Answer 34

The military conflict from 1861 to 1865 in the United states between the northern forces of the union and the southern forces of the confederacy. Over 600,000 Americans lost their lives during this war

Question 35

Abraham Lincoln

Answer 35

Sixteenth president of the US, the first elected Republican president who served from 1861-1865. Lincoln, who led the union during CW, was assassinated in 1865 by a confederate sympathizer, John Wilkes Booth

Question 36

Secession

Answer 36

A unilateral assertion of independence by a geographic region within a country. The eleven southern states making up the confederacy during civil war seceded from the US

Question 37

Confederate States of America

Answer 37

The political system created by the eleven states that seceded from the Union during the Civil War, which ceased to exist upon the Union Victory

Question 38

Reconstruction

Answer 38

The period from 1865-1877 after the CW in which the US militarily occupied and dominated the eleven former stats of confederacy