Chapter 3. AP Gov Flashcards
Confederation
Type of government in which the nationl governent derives its powers from the states; a league of independent states
Iriquois Confederacy
A political alliance of American Indian tribes establised in the seventeenth century that featured aspects of the federal system of govrnment adapted by the farmer
Monarchy
A form of government in which power is vestd in hereditary kings and queens who govern the entire society
Totalitarianism
A form of government in which power resides iin leaders who rule by force in their own self-interestand without regard to rights and liberties
Oligarchy
A form of government in which the right to participate depends on the possession of wealth, social status, military position, or achievment
Democracy
A system of government that gives power to the people, wheter directly or through elected representatives
Federal System
System of government in hich the national governmet and state governments share power and derive all authority from the people
Unitary System
System of government in which the local and regional governments derive all authority from a strong central government
Enumerated Powers
The powersof the national government specifically granted to congress in Article I section 8 of the constitution
Implied Powers
The powers of the national government derived from the enumerated powers and th necessary and proper clause
Tenth Admendment
The final part of the Bill of Rights that defines the basic principle of American Federalism in stating that the powers were not delegated to the national government are reserved to the states or to the people
Reserved Powers
Powers reserved to the states by the tent amendment that lie at the foundation of a state’s right to legislate for public health and welfare of its citizens
concurrent powers
powers shared by the national and state governments
Bill of Attainder
A law declaring an act of illegal without judicial triail
Ex Post Facto law
Law that makes an act punishable as a crime, even if the action was legal at the time it was committed
Full faith and credit clause
Section of article IV of the constitution that ensures judicial decrees and contracts made in one state will be binding and enforceable in any other state
Privileges and immunities clause
Part of Article IV of the constitution guaranteeing that the citizens of each state are afforded the same rights as citizens of all other states
Extradition clause
Part of Article IV of the constitution that requires states to extradite, or return, criminals to states where they have been convicted or are to stand trial
Interstate compacts
Contracts between states that carry the force of law; generally now used as a tool to address multistage policy concerns
Dillon’s RUle
a premise articulated by Judge John F DIllon in 1868 which states that local governments do not have any inherent sovereignty and instead must be authorized by state governments that can create or abolish them
Charter
document that, like a constitution, specifies the basic policies, procedures, and institutions of sloven governments must be approved by state legislatures
Counties
The basic administrative units of local government
Municipalities
City governments created in response to the emergence of relatively densely populated areas
special district
a local government that is restricted to a popular function
John Marshall
The longest serving Supreme court chief justice, Marshall served from 1801 to 1835. Marshal’s decision in Marbury v Madison established the principle of judicial review in the United States
McCulloch v Maryland
The supreme court upheld the power of the national government and denied the right of a state to the tax the federal bank, using constitution supremacy clause. The Courts broad interpretation of necessary and proper clause paved the way for later rulings upholding expansive federal powers
Gibbons v Ogden (1824)
The supreme court upheld broad congressional power to regulate interstate commerce. The courts broad interpretation of the constitution’s commerce clause paved the way for later rulings upholding expansive federal powers
Barron v Baltimore (1833)
Supreme court ruling that, before the Civil War, Limited the applicability of the Bill of Rights to the federal government and not the states
Roger B. Taney
Supreme Court Chief Justice who served from 1835-1864. Taney supported slavery and states rights in the pre-civil War era
Dual Federalism
The belief that having separate and equally powerful levels of government is the best arrangement, often referred to as layer-cake federalism
Nullification
The belief in the right of a state to declare void a federal law
John C Calhoun
A politician theorist from South Carolina who supported slavery and states rights in the pre-civil war era and served as vice president from 1825-1832
Dred Scott v Sandford (1857)
A supreme court that ruled the Missouri Comprise unconstitutional and denied citizenship rights to enslaved African Americans. Dred Scott heightened tensions between the pro-slavery South and the abolished North in the run up to civil war
Civil War
The military conflict from 1861 to 1865 in the United states between the northern forces of the union and the southern forces of the confederacy. Over 600,000 Americans lost their lives during this war
Abraham Lincoln
Sixteenth president of the US, the first elected Republican president who served from 1861-1865. Lincoln, who led the union during CW, was assassinated in 1865 by a confederate sympathizer, John Wilkes Booth
Secession
A unilateral assertion of independence by a geographic region within a country. The eleven southern states making up the confederacy during civil war seceded from the US
Confederate States of America
The political system created by the eleven states that seceded from the Union during the Civil War, which ceased to exist upon the Union Victory
Reconstruction
The period from 1865-1877 after the CW in which the US militarily occupied and dominated the eleven former stats of confederacy
