Chapter 15.APGOV.JuanitaEspinoza Flashcards
Affordable Care Act (ACA)
A 2010 law designed to ensure that nearly all americans would have access to health care coverage, even those living in poverty
Public Policy
An intentional course of action or inaction by government in dealing with some problem or matter of concern
Distributive policies
Public policies that provide benefits to individuals, groups, communties or corporations
Regulatory Policies
Public policies that limit the activities of individuals and corporations or prohibit certain types of unacceptable behavior
Redistributive policies
public policies that trasfer resources from one group to assist another group
systemic agenda
a set of issues to be discussed or given attention; it consists of all public issues viewed as requiring governmental attention
governmental (institutional) agenda
problems to which public oficcials feel obliged to devote active and serious attention
agenda settin
the process or forming the list of issues to be addressed by government
policy formulations
the crafting of proposed courses of action to resolve public problems
policy adoption
the approval of a policy proposal by people with requisite authority, such as a legislature
policy implemantion
the process of carrying out public policy
policy evaluation
the process of determining whether a course of action is achieving its intended goals
fiscal policy
the deliberate use of the national government’s taxing and spending policies to maintain economic stability
national debt
the total amount owed by the federal government to its creditors, both domestic and internationall
Laissez-Faire
economic philosophy that endorses a very limited role for government in the economy
recession
a decline in the economy that occurs as investment sags, production falls off, and unemployment increases
depression
a severe and long lasting decline in the economy that occurs as investment sags, production falls off and unemployment increases
keynesian economics
an economic approach first championed by economist John Maynard Keynes in the 1930s who maintained tat spending by governments can stimulate economic growth much faster than a free market could on its own
inflation
a rise in the general price levels of goods and services within an economy
budget deficit
the economic condition that occurs when expenditures exceed revenues
gross domestic priduct (GDP)
the total market value of all goods and services produced in a country during a year
monetary policy
a form of government regulation in which the nations money supply and interest rates are controlled
federal reserve system
the organization in the united states tasked with such responsibilities as managing money supply, stabilizing prices, moderating interest rates, and reducing unemployment
board of governs
in the federal reserve syste, a seven-member board that makes most economic decisions regarding interwst rates and the supply of money; it is led by the federal reserve chair
open market operation
the buying and selling of government securities by the federal reserve bank
discount rate
the rate of interest at which the federal reserve board lends money to member banks
reserve requirements
government requirements that a portion of a member banks deposits to be retained as backing their loans
medicare
the federal program established during Lyndon b Johnson’s administration that provides medical care to ederly social security recipients
department of health and human services
The cabinet-level department administering most federal social welfare and health related policies and programs; including the national institutes for health (NIH), the centers for disease control and prevention (CDC) and te food and drug administration
Medicaid
a government program that subsidizes medical care for the poor
No child left behind act (NCLB)
bipartisan education reform bill that employed high standards and measurable goals as a method improving american education across the states; in 2016, it was largely replaced by the every student succeeds act (ESSA)
Common core
a voluntarily adopted multi state approach to setting standards that all students should achieve through the highs school level
vouchers
certificate issued by the government tat may be applied toward the cost of attending private or other public school
charter schools
semi public schools that have open admission and receive some support from the government and may also receive private donations to increase quality of education
social security act
1935 law that established old age insurance, assistance for the needy, aged, blind and families with depended children; and unemployment insurance
entitlement programs
government benefits that all citizens meeting eligibility criteria-such as age, income level, or unemployment-a re legally entitled to receive
non-means-tested programs
programs that provide cash assistance to qualified beneficiaries, regardless of income; among these are social security and unemployment insurance
means-tested programs
programs requiring beneficiary to have incomes below specified level to be eligible for benefits; among these are social security insurance (SSI) , temporary-aid to needy families (TANF) and the supplemental nutrition assistance program (SNAP) formally known as food stamps
