Chapter14.APGov.Juanita Espinoza Flashcards
Interest Group
A collection of people or organizations that tries to influence public policy
An example of an interest group are those part of the LGBTQ+ community or feminists.
American Anti-Slavery Society
A major interest group, founded in 1833, to advocate for the institution of slavery throughout the United States
The American Anti-Slavery Society was founded by William Lloyd Garrison and had on average of 250,000 members.
Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU)
A public interest group created in 1874 with the goal of outlawing the sale of liquor. Its activities included prayer groups, protest marches, lobbying and destruction of saloons
Created in 1874, the Women’s Christian Temperance Union and was a result of the post-civil war groups.
The Grange
Founded in 1867 as an educational organization for farmers. The grange evolved into the first truly national interest group by working to protect the political and economic concerns of farming communities and rural areas
The Grange was also a product from the groups after the Civil War and it discussed the latest agricultural developments.
Lobbyist
Interest group representative who seeks to influence legislation that will benefit their organization or client through political and/or financial persuasion
Around 1861, a lobbyist was sent to Washington DC and became a staff administrator of both houses pf congress.
Progressive Movement
A broad group of political and social activists from 1890s to the 1920s, who supported regulation of monopolies, and sought improvement of socioeconomic conditions.
The Progressive movement began as Americans began to believe that new measures are necessary to impose order on chaos and curb the problems in society.
Public Interest Group
An organization that seeks a collective good that if achieved will not selectively and materially benefit group members
Public Interest groups are still relevant such as the Students’ Union and BAMCEF.
American Federation of Labor (AFL)
Founded in 1886, the AFL brought skilled workers from several trades together into one stronger national organizations for the first times.It merged in 1955 with the Congress of Industrial Organizations to form the AFL-CIO
The American Federal of Labor was a national federation of labor unions in the United States founded in Columbus, Ohio, in December 1886 by an alliance of craft unions disaffected from the Knights of Labor, a national labor union.
National Association of Manufactures (NAM)
AN organization founded in 1895 by manufacturers to combat the growth of organized labor
NAM was founded in Cincinnati, Ohio, in 1895, in the midst of a economic recession. Many major manufacturers saw a need to find new markets for their products in other countries.
US Chamber of Commerce
A major pro-business lobbying group founded in 1912
The U.S. Chamber of Commerce is the world’s largest business organization representing the interests of more than 3 million businesses of all sizes, sectors, and regions.
Trade Association
A group that represents a specific industry
A trade association, also known as an industry trade group, business association, sector association or industry body, is an organization founded and funded by businesses that operate in a specific industry.
Jerry Falwell
A Southern Baptist minister who, in 1978, founded the conservative religious interest group the moral majority
Jerry Falwell was an American Southern Baptist pastor, televangelist, and conservative activist. He was the founding pastor of the Thomas Road Baptist Church, a megachurch in Lynchburg, Virginia.
Moral Majority
A conservative religious interest group credited with helping to mobilize conservative with helping Evangelical Christian voters from its funding in 1978 through the presidency of Ronald Reagan (1981-1989)
The Moral Majority was a prominent American political organization associated with the Christian right and Republican Party.
Pat Robertson
A Southern Baptist minister and television evangelist who ran for president in 1988 and in 1989 founded the conservative religious interest group the Christian coalition
Pat Robertson is an American media mogul, executive chairman, politician, televangelist and former Southern Baptist minister who advocates a conservative Christian ideology.
Christian Coalition
A religious interest group founded in 1989 to advance conservative Christian principles and traditional values in American politics
The Christian Coalition is a nonprofit organization that serves as a powerful lobby for politically conservative causes
National Rifle Association (NRA)
The major gun-rights lobbying group in the United States, which opposes gun control and advances an expansive interpretation of the second amendment
NRA was founded in 1871, the group has informed its members about firearm-related legislation since 1934, and it has directly lobbied for and against firearms legislation since 1975
AFL-CIO
A large labor union founded in 1955 by the merging of the American Federation of Labor (AFL) and its one-time rival the congress of industrial organizations
The American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations (AFL-CIO) works tirelessly to improve the lives of working people.
Social Capital
Cooperative relationships that facilitate the resolution of collective problems
Social capital broadly refers to factors of effectively functioning social groups that include interpersonal relationships, a shared sense of identity, a shared understanding, and reciprocity.
Civic Virtue
The tendency to form small-scale associations for the public good
Civic Values are the values we learn to respect as citizens, as set forth in the Declaration of Independence and the Preamble to the Constitution.
Pluralist theory
The theory that political power is distributed among a wide array of diverse and competing interest groups
d. The pluralist model indicates that power is distributed among many groups including those like-minded people, unions, professional associations, and business lobbyists.
Disturbance Theory
The Theory that interest groups from as a result of changes in the political system
The theory also states that interest groups form and grow in response to threats.
Transactions theory
The theory that public policies are the result of narrowly defined exchanges or transactions among political actors
Transaction theory refers to the cost of providing for some good or service through the market rather than having it provided from within the firm.
Collective Good
Something of value that cannot be withheld from a nonmember of a group, for example, a tax write off or a better environment
Some examples of collective good are public fireworks, lighthouses, clean air, other environmental goods, and information goods, such as official statistics, and software development.
Economic Interest Groups
A group with the primary purpose of promoting the financial interest of its members
Economic interest groups include organizations that represent big business, such as the U.S. Chamber of Commerce and the National Association of Manufacturers (NAM).
Political Action Committee
Officially recognized fund-raising organizations that represent interest groups and is allowed by federal law to make contributions directly to candidates’ campaign
Apolitical action committee is a 527 organization that pools campaign contributions from members and donates those funds to campaigns for or against candidates, ballot initiatives, or legislation.
Lobbying
The activities of a group or organization that seek to persuade political leaders to support the group’s position
Some examples of lobbying are ACLU - American Civil Liberties Union- and the Animal Legal Defense Fund.
Marian Wright Edelman
A lawyer who in 1973 funded the children’s defense fund to protect the rights of children, particularly those who are members of disadvantaged groups
Marian Wright Edelman been an advocate for disadvantaged Americans for her entire professional life. She is president and founder of the Children’s Defense Fund.
Patron
A person who finances a group or individual activity
The primary role of a patron is to lend credibility and support.
Free Rider Problem
Potential members who fail to join a group because they can get the benefit, or collective good, sought by the group without contributing the effort
The free-rider problem occurs when those who benefit from resources, public goods, or services do not pay for them.
Lobbying discloser Act
A 1995 federal law that employed a strict definition of lobbyist and established strict reporting requirements on the activities of the lobbyist
The Lobbying Disclosure Act of 1995 was legislation in the United States aimed at bringing increased accountability to federal lobbying practices in the United States
Honest Leadership and Open Government Act of 2007
lobbying reform banning gifts to members of congress and their staffs, toughening discloser requirements, and increasing time limits n moving from the federal government to the private sector
On September 14, 2007, President Bush signed into law the Honest Leadership and Open Government Act of 2007, which amends the House and Senate Ethics Rules and the FECA.
