chapter32 Flashcards
is a partial or complete tearing of the ligaments that hold various bone together to form
sprain
happens during trauma when a joint is forced or twisted past its normal ROM
sprain
what are the most common place where sprain occur
ankle
knee
and wrist
tenderness at site
mild swelling and no loss of function
no abnormal motion
slight stretching and microscopic tearing of ligaments
grade I (MILD)
grade I (MILD)
tenderness at site
mild swelling and no loss of function
no abnormal motion
slight stretching and microscopic tearing of ligaments
more severe pain
especially w/ wt bearing
swelling and bleeding into joint
some loss of function
partial tearing of ligaments
grade II (MODERATE)
grade II (MODERATE)
more severe pain
especially w/ wt bearing
swelling and bleeding into joint
some loss of function
partial tearing of ligaments
pain may be less severe
swelling
loss of function
bleeding into joint are more marked
complete tear of ligaments producing instability of the joint
grade III (SEVERE)
grade III (SEVERE)
pain may be less severe
swelling
loss of function
bleeding into joint are more marked
complete tear of ligaments producing instability of the joint
how are sprain dx
what are they trying to rule out
physical and radiographic examination to rule out a fracture or other pathology
what is the acronym used for treatment of sprain
RICE
what does the R mean when treating sprain
REST
what does the I mean when tearing sprain
ICE
what does the C mean when treating sprain
COMPRESSION
what does the E mean when treating sprain
ELEVATION
immediately after injury for the next ___ to____ apply ____for every __ to __
24 to 72 hours
ice bag
every 1 to 2 hours
the goal of applying ice and wrapping the sprain is
is to protect the ligament until it heal by scarring
grade III often requires a
CAST
Arnica applied topically is reported to
soothe sore
tired muscle after extended hard work
what tea are good muscle relaxant ?
valerian or kava
is a pulling or tearing of a muscle, tendon or both
strain
the most commonly places where strain occur
hamstring
quadriceps
calf muscle
s/s of strain
overexertion or
soft tissue
bleeding (ecchymosis)
how do you treat a strain
apply ice immediately and elevated and rest
use ice for 20 mins each hour
apply heat 48 hours after
is the stretching and tearing of ligaments around a joint w/ complete displacement of a bone
dislocation
is a partial dislocation
occurs from trauma
where are the most common places
Subluxation
shoulder knee hip ankle tempormandibular joints
an outside force pushing from a certain direction
severe pain aggravated by motion of the joints, muscle spasm or abnormal appearance of a joint
dislocation
how would dislocation be determined
by a radiographer will reveal displacement of bone
what is the treatment/goal for dislocation
is to stabilize the joint after reduction and then
to rehabilitate to minimize muscular atrophy and strengthen the joint
what to assess for w/ dislocation
adequate perfusion and movement of the affected part and distal
determine whether swelling is present and assess degree of pain
use heat/cold
result from repetitive activity, such as throwing or making overhead motion w/ the arm which can result in
rotator cuff
degenerative tear
if the rotation cuff is torn what would you experience
pain
pt cannot perform abduction and external rotation of the injured shoulder
what treatment for rotation cuff consist of
rest sling and NSAIDs steroid anti-inflammatory
hyperextension
internal rotation
extreme of external rotation
and decelerations
are all involved
where can this ligament be torn
Anterior cruciate ligament (ALC)
femur or tibia
s/s of an ALC injury
swelling in the hours after the injury
knee feels unstable
full extension of the leg is difficult
how are ALC injuries Dx ?
by physical examination
radiography
or MRI
when is Arthroscopy is performed ?
and how are ALC injuries repair
at which time repair may done
w/ tissue graft
what type of exercise are recommend for ALC injuries ?
isometric exercise quadriceps setting gluteal exercise bent-knee exercise foot exercise
