Chapter 32 Part 5 Flashcards
Assessment should be perform at least how many times
Once at the beginning of every shift
When the fracture is fresh the assessment should be done every
What are you checking
2 to 4 hours
Skin color
Skin temperature
Pulse
Movement
Sensation
Pain
Capillary refill
The drainage from pin site may occur for
48 to 72 hours after surgery
Pillows are used to
Support the curves of large cast so that the weight of the body will not crack or flatten the cast
While the cast Plaster is damp use the
Palm of the hand or the flat surface of the extended finger when touching the cast
Because fingertips can sink into the damp plaster and make it impressions through the cast that rubs against the tissue
A plaster cast Can generate heat as it dry so what should you assess the patient for
Assess the patient subjective sensation of heat and pain because burn can occur
Turn the first 24 to 48 hours after any cats has been applied to any extremities
The extremities should be elevated to minimize swelling
Whether fiberglass or plaster the cash should be inspected
Every day for flatten areas, soft spot , cracking, crumbling
How should you relieve itching when you have a cast
And at home
A 60 mL plunger syringe and forcefully direct air under the cast
Use a hair dryer on the coldest setting to blow air into the cast
What type of cats will disintegrated if it gets wet
plaster cast
What could help a patient with back care
Over head trapeze bar
So that the patient can lift them self to enable back care
When the cast is removed the underlying skin is usually dry and scaly so what should you avoid doing
Scrubbing the area so prevent damage of a deeper layers of skin
From a systemic infection caused by the SPIROCHET BORRELIA BURGDORFERI
Lyme disease
How is the SPIROCHETE transmitted
By the bite Of a black legged or western black legging tick
How do you Lyme disease begin
With a flu symptom and
a bull eyes rash
Pain and stiffness in the joints and muscles
What is taking for 10 to 21 days to prevent the disease from progression
CAD
Doxycycline
Cefuroxime
Amoxicillin
How was Lyme disease diagnosed
Based on clinical presentation in the possibility of being exposed to infected tick
In the early stage laboratory testing is not reliable and not recommended
If undiagnosed of Lyme disease s what starts
Stage two
2 to 12 weeks later
What begins in stage two Lyme disease
What is needed at this point
Carditis
Nervous system disorder =meningitis
Peripheral neuritis
Facial paralysis like Bell palsy
intravenous antibiotics
If undiagnosed and untreated later chronic complication may occur the patient may experience
Fatigue
cognition problem
Arthralgias - joint pain
In some instances the only sign of Lyme disease is
Arthritis
which can cause permanent damage to the nervous system into the joints
Why are Lyme disease often missed
Because this disease has symptoms similar to the flu some people
do not seek out examination from healthcare provider
Is a degenerative joint disease characterized by the breakdown of
cartilage in the synovial joint,
bones,
joint capsule,
surrounding tissue,
synovial fluids
Osteoarthritis
What do osteoarthritis release and what was it once called and is no longer correct
Inflammatory molecules
Non-inflammatory disease
What is the exact cause of osteoarthritis and what are some risk factors
The exact cause is not known
Some risk factors are
heredity,
aging,
female gender,
obesity,
previous joint injury, and
recreational or occupational overuse joint
The a synovial cells then releases what when you have osteoarthritis
Enzymes that causes further cartilage degeneration
Another way Secondary osteoarthritis occurs
Asymmetrically and typically affect only one or two joints joints
How does a secondary osteoarthritis occur
As a result of injury or other identifiable mechanism
Primary osteoarthritis, particularly of the hand cannon car
symmetrically
Symptoms of Osteoarthritis
Aching pain with joint movement,
stiffness limitation of mobility,
joints may be the deform,
and nodules may be presented
Where are the treatment for osteoarthritis
Pain management
Strengthening and low impact aerobic exercise
Maintenance of joint function
What medication are given for osteoarthritis
Salicylate
Acetaminophen
NSAID
Corticosteroids injection
Surgery or joint replacement may be performed to relieve
Severe pain and improve and Mobility
What is the most common site for joint replacement related to osteoarthritis
Hip and knee
What’s another way to control and relieve pain of osteoarthritis
Yoga and massage.
Capsaicin 4x a day
What medication Is used with severe osteoarthritis
They also slow down or halt the progress of osteoarthritis
Glucosamine
Chondroitin
For patients with mild to moderate Osteoarthritis what injections are given
And they do what
Hyaluronic :
Euflexxa
Orthovisc
Synvisc
Supartz
Hyalagan
Acts as a lubricant, decreases pain, and improve function
What’s another treatment for a knee cartilage injury
Autologous chondrocytes
Healthy articular cartilage cells are removed from the patient and sent to special laboratory where they can grow for
Autologous chondrocytes
3 to 5 weeks and then re-implant
Patients use crutches for 6 to 8 weeks after surgery
Successful in about 90% of cases works better for younger patients younger than 50
What are the nursing intervention for patients with osteoarthritis
What are some exercise examples
Teaching the pt of balance exercise and rest.
Knitting and swimming and walking all helps improvement mobility and decrease pain
Moist heat application and maintain weight within normal limits
quadriceps and Gluteal exercise
