chapter 32 part 2 Flashcards
is shock absorbers of the knee and it lies on top of the tibia between the tibia and femur
meniscus
how does a meniscus injury happen
from fixed-foot rotation in wt bearing w/ the knee flexed during sports
s/s of meniscus injury
mild swelling
popping
slipping
catching
buckling
how are meniscus injury Dx
by physical examination
MRI (is mainly used)
how are meniscus injury repaired
by surgery arthroscopically
attaches the soles, planters and gastrocnemius muscle to the calcaneus (heel)
achilles tendon
people w arthritis and diabetes take antibiotics can predispose
the achilles tendon to rupture
how can achilles rupture happen
jumping
pivoting
running
tennis or basketball
s/s of achilles rupture
sudden pain at the back of the ankle or calf
pop or snap sound
depression can be felt or seen 2inches above the calcaneus (heel)
w/ and achilles rupture where can depression be seen/felt
can be felt or seen 2 inches above the heel
Other s/s of achilles rupture
inability to point the toes or stand not he tip-toe
pain swelling stiffness bruising weakness
how are achilles rupture Dx
how should the pt be position
if the pt toes can not point____ then it indicate a ____
by examination and squeezing the calf muscle
while the pt is lying prone
the toes should be pointed downward
and if they can not do that it is most likely a achilles tendon injury
treatment for achilles injuries
how long does recovery take
splinting
casting
surgery
recovery takes about 6 to 8 weeks
is an inflammation of the bursae
the saclike structure that line freely movable joint
Bursitis
how can a bursitis happen
what activity is an example of
occurs from injury or overuse and often appears when a person has engaged in an unaccustomed activity,
such as shoulder bursitis after digging up the garden plot in the spring.
occurs from injury or overuse and often appears when a person has engaged in an unaccustomed activity,
is how can bursitis happen
may occur in any heavily used joint, but it most commonly occurs in the elbow, shoulder, hip, or knee.
bursitis
where can bursitis occur
in any heavily used joint
most commonly occurs in the elbow, shoulder, hip, knee
s/s of bursitis
localized tenderness
mild to moderate pain
swelling
how are bursitis Dx
by history of injury and physical examination
treatment for bursitis
R.I.C.E
if the R.I.C.E treatment does not relive the symptoms what can you give
an injection of cortisones into the bursa
most common foot problem
bunion
painful swelling of the bursa that occurs when the great toe deviates laterally at the metatarsophalangeal joint
bunion
more common in women than in men
what can help reduce pain
bunion
wearing open-toed shoes that are wider in the toe area
metatarsal pad can relieve some pressure
what type of injection can be given for bunion
what needs to be done relieve discomfort
corticosteroids
analgesic is given to relieve discomfort and bone realignment of the big toe
and the removal of any bony overgrowth
A nerve problem that occurs when the median nerve is compressed as it passes through the carpal tunnel in the wrist.
carpal tunnel
carpal tunnel
A nerve problem that occurs when the median nerve is compressed as it passes through the carpal tunnel in the wrist.
s/s of carpal tunnel
how does it happen
and when does it mainly occur
it produces pain, numbness, and tingling of the hand,
repetitive movement of the hand and wrist constantly flexion of the wrist
particularly at night.
how do Dx carpal tunnel
by physical examination
a compression test
electromyography to rule out other s/s
treatment for carpal tunnel
if the s/s are long duration what can happen
rest,
splinting,
changing the angle of the wrist during movements.
or steroids injection
muscle atrophy
if sensory loss in the finger and hand is progressive what is needed while dealing w/ carpal tunnel
what do you have to asses for after surgery
surgery
color &
warmth of the the finger tip
& capillary
what should you tell the pt to avoid to do after surgery
and how would you prevent edema
avoid heavy gripping and pinching for up to 6 weeks
immobilized the wrist in a splint
elevate the arm on a pillow
A break or interruption in the continuity of a bone
fracture
how do fracture occur
occur mostly from trauma but result from a pathologic progress in which bone has degenerated such as osteoporosis
metabolic bone disorder that causes a decrease in bone mass
osteoporosis
the mechanism of injury can help
provide clue about the type of fracture
s/s of fracture
depend on what type of fracture how severe the pain is
swelling bleeding into the tissue tenderness deformity of the bone ecchymoses loss of function crepitation w/ any movement
depend on what type of fracture how severe the pain is
swelling bleeding into the tissue tenderness deformity of the bone ecchymoses loss of function crepitation w/ any movement
s/s of fracture
the emergency treatment and nursing care includes for a fracture
preventing shock and hemorrhage
and immediately immobilization to prevent unnecessary damage
