chapter 32part 3 Flashcards
When a bone breaks into two parts that are completely separated
Complete fracture
When a bone breaks into two parts that are not completely separated
Incomplete fracture
when the bone is broken and shattered into more than two fragments
Comminuted fracture
(Simple) no break in the skin
Closed fracture
(compound) where the bone is broken and penetrates the skin and protrudes
open fracture
when the bone is partially bent and partially broken
greenstick fracture
do you use a radiograph to determine a fracture and
can surgery be needed
yes
yes to realign the bones and to reduce the fracture
if the skin was broken when the fracture occurred what needs to be given
tetanus immunization
what is administer when a compound fracture has occurred
prophylactic antibiotics
the primarily goal in the treatment of fracture is to
is to establish a sturdy union between the broken ends do that the bone can be restored to continuity
what happen in the first stage of fracture repair
what being to form
how many days
blood oozes from the torn blood vessel in the area of the fracture
blood clot being to form a hematoma between the two broken ends of bone
1 to3 day
what happen in second stage of fracture repair
what do it start to interact w
and how many days and weeks
other tissue cell enter the clot and granulation tissue is formed
interacts w/ capillaries
3 to 2 weeks
what happen the third stage of fracture repair
What is formed
How many weeks
young bone cell enter the area and
form a tissue called callus
at this stage the ends of the broken bone are beginning to knit together (2 to 6 weeks )
what happen the fourth stage of fracture repair
How many week and months
the immature bone are gradually replaced by mature bone (ossification )
and the tissue takes on the characteristics of typical bone structure
3weeks to 6months
what happen the fifth stage of fracture repair
What is remodel
How many weeks and year
bone is resorbed and deposited depending on the line of stress
medullary canal is reconstructed during consolidation and remodeling
6 weeks to 1 year
The procedure for bringing the two fragments of bone into proper alignment is called
Reduction of the fracture
Two methods to reduce a fracture is
Closed
&
Open
The bone is manipulated into alignment
No surgical incision is made
Anesthetic or heavy procedural sedation may be given before the fracture is reduced
Closed reductions
Closed reductions
The bone is manipulated into alignment
No surgical incision is made
Anesthetic or heavy procedural sedation may be given before the fracture is reduced
Performed after a surgical incision is made through the skin and down to the bone at the site of the fracture
Open reductions
For open (compound) fracture and comminuted fracture you should give what type of reductions
Open
Four methods of fracture stabilization
- Internal fixation
- external fixation
- cast, splint, or braces
- traction
When a fracture has been reduced by open procedure to guarantee adequate union and stabilization of the bone fragment the surgeon performs____ of the bones
Internal fixation
pins, rods, nails, screws, and metal plates must be used to stabilize the position of the two broken ends.
Internal fixation
Necessary to treat factors in older adults whose bones are brittle and may not heal properly
Internal fixation
involves the use of a device composed of a sturdy external frame to which are attached to pins that have been placed into the bone fragment
External fixation
External fixation is commonly used for what type of fracture
Extremities or of the pelvis
What are some indication of external fixation
Massive open fracture w/ extensive soft tissue damage
Infected fracture that do not heal properly
Multiple trauma work one or more fracture and other injuries : burn, chest injury or head injury
What are some advantages for external fixation
More freedom of movement than traction and usually is more comfortable
Good stability pt may able to get out of bed
Physical therapy and occupational therapist
Are used to stabilize a fracture after a closed reductions
Casts
Are light weight
Dry quickly
Can bear weight with in 30 min of application
Fiberglass or polyester cotton
Are less easily molded to a body part than are plaster casts and synthetic cast
Fiberglass
Are not suitable for immobilizing the fragment severely displaced bone or for stabilizing serious fractures
Synthetic cast
Are mostly use for the upper extremities factors
Synthetic casts
A newly applied plaster cast usually is not dried for about
48 hours
How can a plaster cast irritate the patient
How can you prevent this
The edge of the plaster tend to crumble with bits of the plaster dropping inside the cast causing the patient to become discomfort and skin irritation
By covering the rim of the cast with a stockinette or applying tape in a petal fashion
Classified by how much leg they cover
Long leg and short leg cast
What type of shoes should be worn once the patient is allowed to bear weight
A walking cast shoes
Is a canvas sandal with thick sole that fit over the bottom of the leg cast
Why do you wear a sling when you have a arm cast
To support the arm and provide extremity elevation
Covers the trunk of the body, possibly one or two extremities as well
Usually used in children
Spica cast
