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musculoskeletal part 2 chapter 32 > chapter 32part 3 > Flashcards

chapter 32part 3 Flashcards

1
Q

When a bone breaks into two parts that are completely separated

A

Complete fracture

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2
Q

When a bone breaks into two parts that are not completely separated

A

Incomplete fracture

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3
Q

when the bone is broken and shattered into more than two fragments

A

Comminuted fracture

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4
Q

(Simple) no break in the skin

A

Closed fracture

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5
Q

(compound) where the bone is broken and penetrates the skin and protrudes

A

open fracture

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6
Q

when the bone is partially bent and partially broken

A

greenstick fracture

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7
Q

do you use a radiograph to determine a fracture and

can surgery be needed

A

yes

yes to realign the bones and to reduce the fracture

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8
Q

if the skin was broken when the fracture occurred what needs to be given

A

tetanus immunization

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9
Q

what is administer when a compound fracture has occurred

A

prophylactic antibiotics

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10
Q

the primarily goal in the treatment of fracture is to

A

is to establish a sturdy union between the broken ends do that the bone can be restored to continuity

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11
Q

what happen in the first stage of fracture repair

what being to form

how many days

A

blood oozes from the torn blood vessel in the area of the fracture

blood clot being to form a hematoma between the two broken ends of bone

1 to3 day

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12
Q

what happen in second stage of fracture repair

what do it start to interact w

and how many days and weeks

A

other tissue cell enter the clot and granulation tissue is formed

interacts w/ capillaries

3 to 2 weeks

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13
Q

what happen the third stage of fracture repair

What is formed

How many weeks

A

young bone cell enter the area and

form a tissue called callus

at this stage the ends of the broken bone are beginning to knit together (2 to 6 weeks )

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14
Q

what happen the fourth stage of fracture repair

How many week and months

A

the immature bone are gradually replaced by mature bone (ossification )

and the tissue takes on the characteristics of typical bone structure

3weeks to 6months

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15
Q

what happen the fifth stage of fracture repair

What is remodel

How many weeks and year

A

bone is resorbed and deposited depending on the line of stress

medullary canal is reconstructed during consolidation and remodeling

6 weeks to 1 year

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16
Q

The procedure for bringing the two fragments of bone into proper alignment is called

A

Reduction of the fracture

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17
Q

Two methods to reduce a fracture is

A

Closed
&
Open

18
Q

The bone is manipulated into alignment

No surgical incision is made

Anesthetic or heavy procedural sedation may be given before the fracture is reduced

A

Closed reductions

19
Q

Closed reductions

A

The bone is manipulated into alignment

No surgical incision is made

Anesthetic or heavy procedural sedation may be given before the fracture is reduced

20
Q

Performed after a surgical incision is made through the skin and down to the bone at the site of the fracture

A

Open reductions

21
Q

For open (compound) fracture and comminuted fracture you should give what type of reductions

A

Open

22
Q

Four methods of fracture stabilization

A
  1. Internal fixation
  2. external fixation
  3. cast, splint, or braces
  4. traction
23
Q

When a fracture has been reduced by open procedure to guarantee adequate union and stabilization of the bone fragment the surgeon performs____ of the bones

A

Internal fixation

24
Q

pins, rods, nails, screws, and metal plates must be used to stabilize the position of the two broken ends.

A

Internal fixation

25
Q

Necessary to treat factors in older adults whose bones are brittle and may not heal properly

A

Internal fixation

26
Q

involves the use of a device composed of a sturdy external frame to which are attached to pins that have been placed into the bone fragment

A

External fixation

27
Q

External fixation is commonly used for what type of fracture

A

Extremities or of the pelvis

28
Q

What are some indication of external fixation

A

Massive open fracture w/ extensive soft tissue damage

Infected fracture that do not heal properly

Multiple trauma work one or more fracture and other injuries : burn, chest injury or head injury

29
Q

What are some advantages for external fixation

A

More freedom of movement than traction and usually is more comfortable

Good stability pt may able to get out of bed

Physical therapy and occupational therapist

30
Q

Are used to stabilize a fracture after a closed reductions

A

Casts

31
Q

Are light weight

Dry quickly

Can bear weight with in 30 min of application

A

Fiberglass or polyester cotton

32
Q

Are less easily molded to a body part than are plaster casts and synthetic cast

A

Fiberglass

33
Q

Are not suitable for immobilizing the fragment severely displaced bone or for stabilizing serious fractures

A

Synthetic cast

34
Q

Are mostly use for the upper extremities factors

A

Synthetic casts

35
Q

A newly applied plaster cast usually is not dried for about

A

48 hours

36
Q

How can a plaster cast irritate the patient

How can you prevent this

A

The edge of the plaster tend to crumble with bits of the plaster dropping inside the cast causing the patient to become discomfort and skin irritation

By covering the rim of the cast with a stockinette or applying tape in a petal fashion

37
Q

Classified by how much leg they cover

A

Long leg and short leg cast

38
Q

What type of shoes should be worn once the patient is allowed to bear weight

A

A walking cast shoes

Is a canvas sandal with thick sole that fit over the bottom of the leg cast

39
Q

Why do you wear a sling when you have a arm cast

A

To support the arm and provide extremity elevation

40
Q

Covers the trunk of the body, possibly one or two extremities as well

Usually used in children

A

Spica cast

musculoskeletal part 2 chapter 32 (10 decks)

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