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musculoskeletal part 2 chapter 32 > Chapter 32 Part 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 32 Part 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Provide support for fractures that has been reduced

It can be easily removed for assessment and care of the skin then reapplied

A

Brace and splint

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2
Q

What type of braces use for the elbows and knee

A

Hinge brace

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3
Q

A fresh plaster cast should never be

A

Should never be covered air circulation speeds up drying

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4
Q

Is the application of mechanical pull to a part of the body for the purpose of extending and holding the part in a certain position during immobilization

A

Traction

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5
Q

What are the two types of traction

A

Skeletal and skin traction

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6
Q

The surgeon inserts pins, wires, or tongs directly through the bone at a point distal to the fracture so that the force of the pull from the weight is it exerted directly on the bone

A

Skeletal traction

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7
Q

A bandage or foam traction boot is applied to the limb below the site of fracture and pull is exerted on the limb

A

Skin traction

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8
Q

What is the difference between skin and skeletal traction

A

Skeletal use 10lb or more

Skin 7 to 10 lbs

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9
Q

Open comminuted fracture should be surgically addressed w/in

What is given one hour before the surgery and after the surgery

A

Six hours to decrease the chance of infection

Cefazolin one hour before and 2 doses after

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10
Q

What should the nurse monitor if the pt had a fracture. Levels

A

WBC

Temp

Appearance

Redness and swelling

Heat and purulent

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11
Q

Is a bacterial infection of the bone

A

Osteomyelitis

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12
Q

The most causative organism to cause osteomyelitis is

A

Staphylococcus aureus

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13
Q

Enters the bloodstream from a distant focus of infection

Such as boil or furuncle or open wound

A

Staphylococcus aureus

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14
Q

Where is osteomyelitis usually found

A

Tibia or fibula

Vertebrae

Or at the site of joint prosthesis

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15
Q

S/s of osteomyelitis

A

Severe pain

Tenderness at site

High fever with chill

Swelling of adjacent soft parts

Headache

Malaise

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16
Q

Pt with diabetes or with chronic renal failure or on long term steroids are all at risk of

A

Infection and osteomyelitis

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17
Q

How is osteomyelitis diagnosed

A

Laboratory findings indicating acute infection which = high wbc

Radiograph which shows bones destruction 7 to 10 days after onset of the disease

History of injury to the part, open fracture, boil, FURUNCLES, and other infections

Biopsy in which the bones sample exhibit signs of necrosis

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18
Q

What type of treatment is needed or earlier osteomyelitis

A

Intervenous antibiotics which are prescribed 4 to 6 weeks

Debridement

The abscess is incised and drained

19
Q

A simple skin traction that is used to treat muscle spasms from fractures of the hip or femur, preoperatively, and for dislocation of the hip

A

Bucks extension

20
Q

the use of tongs inserted into the skull, the use of a halo device, or a head halter

A

Cervical traction

21
Q

Failure to heal

A

Nonunion

22
Q

A fraction that fail to heal how can it be treated

Why do use this

A

By electrical bone growth stimulating device =growth of bone cells (osteogenesis )

It can prevent further surgery and bone grafting

23
Q

Is rare but serious complication of fractures of the bone that has an
Abundance of Morrow fat

Example include

A

Fat embolism

Long bone, pelvis, and rib

24
Q

Sign and symptoms of fat embolism

A

Change in mental status

Respiratory distress

tachypnea

Crackles and wheezes
On auscultating the lungs

Rapid pulse

Fever

Petechiae

25
Q

A fine rash over the chest, neck, upper arms, or abdomen

A

Petechiae

26
Q

What should the nurse to when the patient has a fat embolism

A

Stay with the patient

Put them in high Fowler position

Use a nonrebreather mask and give high flow of oxygen

Establish a peripheral IV line

Intubation or mechanical ventilation may be needed

27
Q

When should you get the provider when a patient has a fat embolism

A

Immediately because there is a proximately 80% mortality rate from this complication since it’s very rare

Anticipate hydration what IV fluids and correction of acidosis

28
Q

Who are at high risk for a fat embolism

A

Older adults with fractured hip

29
Q

What are vulnerable to thrombus formation

A

The veins of the pelvis and lower extremities

30
Q

What are used when you have a Venous

Thrombosis on the unaffected lower extremities

A

Compression stockings

Sequential compression device and range of motion

31
Q

What are you look for when a patient has a VENOUS thrombosis

A

If the patient is on any prophylactic anti-coagulant

Aspirin warfarin heparin

32
Q

It is a restriction of blood flow that occurs in one or more muscle compartment of the extremities

A

Compartment syndrome

33
Q

Is caused by the external or internal pressure

A

Compartment syndrome

34
Q

Occur from the dressing or casts that are too tight

A

External pressure

35
Q

Occurs from IV fluid infiltration, inflammation and Edema

A

Internal pressure

36
Q

What is key to preventing swelling and compartment syndrome

Toes and fingers should be higher than

A

Elevation

The truck

37
Q

Sign and symptoms of compartment syndrome is

A

Severe unrelenting pain
And unrelieved by narcotics

Decrease sensation

Numbness and tingling

Paleness of the skin

Weakness of extremities are other signs

38
Q

What are the six things that you assess for when dealing with compartments syndrome

What are you doing when you see those type of symptoms

A

Pain

Pallor

Paresthesia

Pulselessness

Paralysis

Poikilothermia

Notify the provider immediately

39
Q

Cold to touch

A

Poikilothermia

40
Q

Split through all the layers of material

A

Bivalved

41
Q

Linear incision in the fascia down the extremities

A

Fasciotomy

42
Q

What is done for post treatment of a factor

A

Rice

Elevating the limb

Pain medication
If pain is not relieved within 30 minutes notify their healthcare provider

43
Q

Every immobilized patient should be routinely assess for the various problems of

A

Skin breakdown

UTI

Constipation

Atelectasis

DVT

Adequate nutrition and fluids are needed to promote healing

musculoskeletal part 2 chapter 32 (10 decks)

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