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Health Psychology 335A > Chapter Two:
 The Systems of the Body > Flashcards

Chapter Two:
 The Systems of the Body Flashcards

1
Q

Components of the Nervous System

A

CNS
PNS
Somatic Nervous System (SNS)
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS): Includes
Sympathetic Nervous System (SPNS) & parasympathetic nervous system (PSNS)

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2
Q

Def: Central Nervous system (CNS)

A

carries voluntary nerve impulses to skeletal muscles & skin; carries involuntary impulses to muscles & glands
Connected to the brain & spinal cord

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3
Q

Def: Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

A

responsible for the nerves that goes thru the body & carries messages to & from the CNS

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4
Q

Def: Somatic nervous system (SNS)

A

control voluntary movement

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5
Q

Def: Autonomic nervous system (ANS)

A

controls organs that operate involuntaril

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6
Q

Def: Sympathetic nervous system (SPNS)

A

mobilizes the body for action.

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7
Q

Def: Parasympathetic nervous system (PSNS)

A

maintains & restores equilibrium

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8
Q

Parts of the HindBrain

A

Medulla
Pons
Cerebellum
Midbrain

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9
Q

Def: Medulla

A

Regulates heart rate, blood pressure, & respiration

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10
Q

Def: Pons

A

Helps control respiration

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11
Q

Def: Cerebellum

A

Coordinates voluntary muscle movement & the maintenance of both balance & equilibrium as much as your muscle tone & posture

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12
Q

Def: Midbrain

A

responsible for the coordination of visual & auditory reflexes

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13
Q

Disorders of the Nervous system stated:

A

Epilepsy
Cerebral palsy
Parkinson’s
Multiple sclerosis
Huntington’s
Polio
Paraplegia
Quadriplegia
Dementia

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14
Q

Parts of the Forebrain:

A

Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Cerebral cortex

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15
Q

Parts of the limbic system

A

Amygdala
Hippocampus

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16
Q

Def: Limbic system

A

Plays an important role in stress & emotional responses

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17
Q

Def: Amygdala

A

Detection of possible threats

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18
Q

Def: Hippocampus

A

Detection of emotionally charged memories

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19
Q

Def: hypothalamus

A

Areas in the hypothalamus is related to emotional functioning

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20
Q

Def: Endocrine System

A

made up of ductless glands that secrete hormones into the blood, stimulating changes in target organs.

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21
Q

Endocrine system is regulated by what?

A

Hypothalamus
Pituitary gland

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22
Q

Pituitary gland consists of what?

A

Consists of the posterior pituitary lobe & the anterior pituitary lobe

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23
Q

Stress affects the SPNS & pituitary gland → adrenal cortex & ___________________

A

adrenal medulla

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24
Q

Secretion of catecholamines (epinephrine & norepinephrine) + stress = what?

A

Heart rate increases & heart capillaries dilate
Blood pressure increases via vasoconstriction
Blood is diverted to muscle tissue
Breathing rate increases
Digestion slows down
Digestion slows down
Pupils dilate

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25
Q

Secretion of corticosteroids + stress = what??

A

Increases protein & fat mobilization
Increased access to bodily energy storage
Inhibits antibody formation & inflammation
Regulates sodium retention

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26
Q

Disorders involving the Endocrine System

A

Diabetes Type I (autoimmune disorder) & II (disease of lifestyle)

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27
Q

Heart autonomy:

A

Left atrium & left ventricle
Right atrium & right ventricle
Cardiac cycle

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28
Q

Def: Left atrium & left ventricle

A

Left atrium & left ventricle: takes in oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it out of the aorta (takes blood from heart to the rest of the body)

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29
Q

Def: Right atrium & right ventricle

A

Right atrium & right ventricle: pumps blood back into the lungs via the pulmonary artery ( takes oxygen-poor blood from the heart to the lungs)

30
Q

Def: Cardiac cycle

A

regular rhythmic phases of contraction & relaxation

31
Q

What are the phases of the Cardiac cycle?

A

Phases: systole & diastole

32
Q

Disorders related to the Cardiovascular System

A

Atherosclerosis & Angina pectoris
Myocardial infarction or MI
Ischemia
Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)
Arrhythmia

33
Q

Def: Atherosclerosis

A

Arteries are narrowed by plaques formed from the deposits of cholesterol & other substances

34
Q

Def: Angina pectoris

A

Heart has insufficient supply of oxygen or inadequate removal of CO2 & other waste products

35
Q

Def: Myocardial infarction or MI

A

Clots in a coronary vessel blocks the flow of blood to the heart

36
Q

Def: Ischemia

A

Lack of blood flow & oxygen to the heart’s muscle

37
Q

Def: Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)

A

Heart’s delivery of oxygen-rich blood is inadequate

38
Q

Def: Arrhythmia

A

Irregular beatings of the heart leading to loss of consciousness & sudden death

39
Q

Def: blood pressure

A

Forces that blood exerts against the blood vessel walls
Highest during systole
Lowest during diastole

40
Q

Blood pressure is influenced by what?

A

Cardiac output
Peripheral resistance
Structure of the arterial walls

41
Q

Plasma contains what??

A

plasma proteins, plasma electrolytes, & the substances transported by the blood.

42
Q

Types of cells in the blood include:

A

White blood cells, lymphocytes, red blood cells, & platelets

43
Q

Def: Platelets

A

Platelets block small holes that develop in blood vessels & play an important role in blood clotting.

44
Q

Def: Respiratory System

A

Brings in oxygen thru inspiration
Causes the lungs to expand inside the thorax
Eliminates CO2 thru expiration which then reduces the volume of the lungs within the thorax

45
Q

Disorders associated with the Respiratory System

A

Asthma
Viral & bacteria infections
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Pneumonia
Tuberculosis & pleurisy
Lung cancer

46
Q

Functions of the digestive system

A

Gastric secretions in the stomach helps with the digestion of food
Enzymes in the small intestine breaks down proteins into amino acids
Large intestine stores food residue & helps in the reabsorption of water
Entry of shit into the rectum leads to the expulsion of solid waste

47
Q

Disorders of the Digestive System

A

Gastroesophageal reflux disease
Gastroenteritis
Diarrhea
Dysentery
Peptic ulcer
Appendicitis
Hepatitis

48
Q

Def: kidneys

A

Are in the renal system
Regulates bodily fluids - produces urine, which maintains water balance, blood pH, & electrolyte balance

49
Q

Def: ureters

A

Are in the renal system
Moves urine to the bladder

50
Q

Def: urinary bladder

A

In the renal system
Acts as a reservoir for urine

51
Q

Def: urethra

A

Conducts urine from the bladder out of the body

52
Q

Disorders Associated with the Renal System:

A

Urinary Tract infections
Glomerulonephritis
Tubular necrosis
Kidney Failure

53
Q

Def: kidney failure

A

Could require an artificial kidney, a kidney transplant, or kidney dialysis
Techniques cleanses the blood to remove excess salts, water, a& metabolites

54
Q

Def: ovaries

A

Ovum:
produced every month by one ovary
Develops into a human benign if fertilized
Flushed out if not fertilized
Estrogen:
Develops secondary sex characteristics
Progesterone:
Produced during the 2nd half of the cell cycle
Declines if pregnancy fails

55
Q

Def: testes

A

Testosterone:
Produced by the interstitial cells
Produces sperm cells
Passes thru the uterus & into a fallopian tube to fertilize ovum.
Develops secondary sex characteristics

56
Q

Disorders associated with the Reproductive System

A

STDs
Chronic pelvic inflammatory disease or PID in females
Cancer
Disorders of the menstrual cycle
Fertility issues

57
Q

Sex chromosomes determine gender

A

X chromosome - mom
X or Y chromosome - dad

58
Q

Types of research that demonstrate whether a characteristic is genetically acquired:

A

Studies of families
Twin research
Studies of adopted kids

59
Q

Def: immune system

A

Infections-causing microbes can spread via:
direct, indirect, biological, or mechanical transmission.

60
Q

Whether invading microbes produce infections or not depends on:

A

Number of organisms & their virulence
Body’s defensive capacities

61
Q

Phases of an infection

A

Incubation period
Nonspecific symptoms period
Acute phase

62
Q

Body’s resistance to invading organisms

A

Natural immunity
artificial immunity

63
Q

Def: natural immunity

A

Acquired thru disease
Passed from mother to child at birth & thru breastfeeding

64
Q

Def: artificial immunity

A

Acquired thru vaccinations & inoculations

65
Q

Def: Nonspecific immune mechanisms

A

General set of responses to any kind of infection or disorder

66
Q

Ways of Nonspecific immune mechanisms occurring

A

Anatomical barriers
Phagocytosis
Antimicrobial substances
Inflammatory responses

67
Q

Specific immune mechanisms:

A

Acquired after birth
Fight particular microorganisms & their toxins.

68
Q

Def: Humoral immunity

A

B lymphocytes confer immunity by the production & secretion of antibodies

69
Q

Nonspecific immune mechanisms:

A

humoral immunity
Cell-mediated immunity

70
Q

Def: cell-mediated immunity

A

T lymphocytes kill invading organism & infected cells

71
Q

Def: lymphatic system

A

Drainage system of the body

72
Q

Disorders associated with the Immune System:

A

AIDS
Lupus:
Tonsillitis
Infectious mononucleosis
Lymphoma
Autoimmunity

Health Psychology 335A (4 decks)

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