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Health Psychology 335A > Chapter Two:
 The Systems of the Body > Flashcards

Chapter Two:
 The Systems of the Body Flashcards

1
Q

Components of the Nervous System

A

CNS
PNS
Somatic Nervous System (SNS)
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS): Includes
Sympathetic Nervous System (SPNS) & parasympathetic nervous system (PSNS)

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2
Q

Def: Central Nervous system (CNS)

A

carries voluntary nerve impulses to skeletal muscles & skin; carries involuntary impulses to muscles & glands
Connected to the brain & spinal cord

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3
Q

Def: Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

A

responsible for the nerves that goes thru the body & carries messages to & from the CNS

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4
Q

Def: Somatic nervous system (SNS)

A

control voluntary movement

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5
Q

Def: Autonomic nervous system (ANS)

A

controls organs that operate involuntaril

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6
Q

Def: Sympathetic nervous system (SPNS)

A

mobilizes the body for action.

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7
Q

Def: Parasympathetic nervous system (PSNS)

A

maintains & restores equilibrium

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8
Q

Parts of the HindBrain

A

Medulla
Pons
Cerebellum
Midbrain

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9
Q

Def: Medulla

A

Regulates heart rate, blood pressure, & respiration

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10
Q

Def: Pons

A

Helps control respiration

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11
Q

Def: Cerebellum

A

Coordinates voluntary muscle movement & the maintenance of both balance & equilibrium as much as your muscle tone & posture

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12
Q

Def: Midbrain

A

responsible for the coordination of visual & auditory reflexes

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13
Q

Disorders of the Nervous system stated:

A

Epilepsy
Cerebral palsy
Parkinson’s
Multiple sclerosis
Huntington’s
Polio
Paraplegia
Quadriplegia
Dementia

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14
Q

Parts of the Forebrain:

A

Thalamus
Hypothalamus
Cerebral cortex

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15
Q

Parts of the limbic system

A

Amygdala
Hippocampus

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16
Q

Def: Limbic system

A

Plays an important role in stress & emotional responses

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17
Q

Def: Amygdala

A

Detection of possible threats

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18
Q

Def: Hippocampus

A

Detection of emotionally charged memories

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19
Q

Def: hypothalamus

A

Areas in the hypothalamus is related to emotional functioning

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20
Q

Def: Endocrine System

A

made up of ductless glands that secrete hormones into the blood, stimulating changes in target organs.

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21
Q

Endocrine system is regulated by what?

A

Hypothalamus
Pituitary gland

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22
Q

Pituitary gland consists of what?

A

Consists of the posterior pituitary lobe & the anterior pituitary lobe

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23
Q

Stress affects the SPNS & pituitary gland → adrenal cortex & ___________________

A

adrenal medulla

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24
Q

Secretion of catecholamines (epinephrine & norepinephrine) + stress = what?

A

Heart rate increases & heart capillaries dilate
Blood pressure increases via vasoconstriction
Blood is diverted to muscle tissue
Breathing rate increases
Digestion slows down
Digestion slows down
Pupils dilate

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25
Secretion of corticosteroids + stress = what??
Increases protein & fat mobilization Increased access to bodily energy storage Inhibits antibody formation & inflammation Regulates sodium retention
26
Disorders involving the Endocrine System
Diabetes Type I (autoimmune disorder) & II (disease of lifestyle)
27
Heart autonomy:
Left atrium & left ventricle Right atrium & right ventricle Cardiac cycle
28
Def: Left atrium & left ventricle
Left atrium & left ventricle: takes in oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it out of the aorta (takes blood from heart to the rest of the body)
29
Def: Right atrium & right ventricle
Right atrium & right ventricle: pumps blood back into the lungs via the pulmonary artery ( takes oxygen-poor blood from the heart to the lungs)
30
Def: Cardiac cycle
regular rhythmic phases of contraction & relaxation
31
What are the phases of the Cardiac cycle?
Phases: systole & diastole
32
Disorders related to the Cardiovascular System
Atherosclerosis & Angina pectoris Myocardial infarction or MI Ischemia Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) Arrhythmia
33
Def: Atherosclerosis
Arteries are narrowed by plaques formed from the deposits of cholesterol & other substances
34
Def: Angina pectoris
Heart has insufficient supply of oxygen or inadequate removal of CO2 & other waste products
35
Def: Myocardial infarction or MI
Clots in a coronary vessel blocks the flow of blood to the heart
36
Def: Ischemia
Lack of blood flow & oxygen to the heart’s muscle
37
Def: Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)
Heart’s delivery of oxygen-rich blood is inadequate
38
Def: Arrhythmia
Irregular beatings of the heart leading to loss of consciousness & sudden death
39
Def: blood pressure
Forces that blood exerts against the blood vessel walls Highest during systole Lowest during diastole
40
Blood pressure is influenced by what?
Cardiac output Peripheral resistance Structure of the arterial walls
41
Plasma contains what??
plasma proteins, plasma electrolytes, & the substances transported by the blood.
42
Types of cells in the blood include:
White blood cells, lymphocytes, red blood cells, & platelets
43
Def: Platelets
Platelets block small holes that develop in blood vessels & play an important role in blood clotting.
44
Def: Respiratory System
Brings in oxygen thru inspiration Causes the lungs to expand inside the thorax Eliminates CO2 thru expiration which then reduces the volume of the lungs within the thorax
45
Disorders associated with the Respiratory System
Asthma Viral & bacteria infections Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Pneumonia Tuberculosis & pleurisy Lung cancer
46
Functions of the digestive system
Gastric secretions in the stomach helps with the digestion of food Enzymes in the small intestine breaks down proteins into amino acids Large intestine stores food residue & helps in the reabsorption of water Entry of shit into the rectum leads to the expulsion of solid waste
47
Disorders of the Digestive System
Gastroesophageal reflux disease Gastroenteritis Diarrhea Dysentery Peptic ulcer Appendicitis Hepatitis
48
Def: kidneys
Are in the renal system Regulates bodily fluids - produces urine, which maintains water balance, blood pH, & electrolyte balance
49
Def: ureters
Are in the renal system Moves urine to the bladder
50
Def: urinary bladder
In the renal system Acts as a reservoir for urine
51
Def: urethra
Conducts urine from the bladder out of the body
52
Disorders Associated with the Renal System:
Urinary Tract infections Glomerulonephritis Tubular necrosis Kidney Failure
53
Def: kidney failure
Could require an artificial kidney, a kidney transplant, or kidney dialysis Techniques cleanses the blood to remove excess salts, water, a& metabolites
54
Def: ovaries
Ovum: produced every month by one ovary Develops into a human benign if fertilized Flushed out if not fertilized Estrogen: Develops secondary sex characteristics Progesterone: Produced during the 2nd half of the cell cycle Declines if pregnancy fails
55
Def: testes
Testosterone: Produced by the interstitial cells Produces sperm cells Passes thru the uterus & into a fallopian tube to fertilize ovum. Develops secondary sex characteristics
56
Disorders associated with the Reproductive System
STDs Chronic pelvic inflammatory disease or PID in females Cancer Disorders of the menstrual cycle Fertility issues
57
Sex chromosomes determine gender
X chromosome - mom X or Y chromosome - dad
58
Types of research that demonstrate whether a characteristic is genetically acquired:
Studies of families Twin research Studies of adopted kids
59
Def: immune system
Infections-causing microbes can spread via: direct, indirect, biological, or mechanical transmission.
60
Whether invading microbes produce infections or not depends on:
Number of organisms & their virulence Body’s defensive capacities
61
Phases of an infection
Incubation period Nonspecific symptoms period Acute phase
62
Body’s resistance to invading organisms
Natural immunity artificial immunity
63
Def: natural immunity
Acquired thru disease Passed from mother to child at birth & thru breastfeeding
64
Def: artificial immunity
Acquired thru vaccinations & inoculations
65
Def: Nonspecific immune mechanisms
General set of responses to any kind of infection or disorder
66
Ways of Nonspecific immune mechanisms occurring
Anatomical barriers Phagocytosis Antimicrobial substances Inflammatory responses
67
Specific immune mechanisms:
Acquired after birth Fight particular microorganisms & their toxins.
68
Def: Humoral immunity
B lymphocytes confer immunity by the production & secretion of antibodies
69
Nonspecific immune mechanisms:
humoral immunity Cell-mediated immunity
70
Def: cell-mediated immunity
T lymphocytes kill invading organism & infected cells
71
Def: lymphatic system
Drainage system of the body
72
Disorders associated with the Immune System:
AIDS Lupus: Tonsillitis Infectious mononucleosis Lymphoma Autoimmunity

Health Psychology 335A (14 decks)

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