Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Health Psychology 335A > Chapter Five:
 Health-Compromising Behaviors > Flashcards

Chapter Five:
 Health-Compromising Behaviors Flashcards

1
Q

Characteristics of Health-compromising Behaviors:

A

Habitual & addictive
Window of vulnerability in adolescence
Influenced by peer pressure
Pleasureable & helps cope with stress at times
Develops gradually
Has similar causative factors
Common in the lower social classes
Derived from one’s need to be accepted.
Exposure to other kids doing unhealthy behaviors.
Peer Pressure
Kids who do drugs typically do badly in school, have problems with parents, have defiant behavior, low IQ, difficult temperament, and might have low self-esteem.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Def: obesity

A

excessive accumulation of body fat.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Risks of obesity

A

Obesity contributes to: death rates for most cancers & cardiovascular diseases.
Atherosclerosis, hypertension, Type II diabetes, & heart failure.
Increases risks in surgery, anesthesia, administration, & childbearing
Major cause of disability
Lowers the motivation to exercise
Difficulty performing basic tasks
Tied to poor cognitive functioning as early as adolescence, advances over time.
Associated with early mortality - 3 years earlier than an average person
Can cause psychological, social, and economic stress.
More reactive to stress
Judgements from others can cause: biological response to stress, social alienation, & lower self-esteem.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Potential causes of obesity

A

Genetics
Vigorous feeding style
Sedentary lifestyle - too much tv, video games, and the internet, consumption of snacks, and super sugary drinks.
Low SES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Obesity depends on the _______ & size of an individual’s fat cells. Big fat cells = ________. Even if there’s not too much of them.

A

number, obesity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Factors that influence obesity:

A

Social status & culture
Depression
High in neuroticism, extraversion, and impulsivity
Social networks
Siblings & friends who are also obese

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Like animals, we have complex systems for __________ food consumption.

A

regulating

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The ________ system plays an important role when choosing and rejecting certain foods.

A

Sensory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

_______ is important for weight control bc it’s secreted by fat cells. It signals neurons in the _____________ to tell whether or not the body has enough energy stores of fat or if the body needs more energy.

A

Leptin, hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Kids who take too many ____ in infancy and in their childhood are _____ likely to be obese later on.

A

cals, more

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

________ might play a role as to why dieters who lose weight will often gain it back quickly. Ghrelin is secreted by specialized cells in the __________, spikes before meals and then drops after.

A

Ghrelin, stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

People who want to lose weight will find ways to ______ their ghrelin levels.

A

block

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Obesity spreads thru ____________.

A

social networks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Overweight ppl have more anxiety, ______, and __________ than those with normal weight.

A

hostility, depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Obesity interventions:

A

Exercising
Sleep
Dieting
Surgery
Reduce calorie intake
Stick to an eating plan
Changing lifestyle if diets don’t work

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Def: yo-yo dieting

A

successive cycles of dieting & weight gain.
Enhances the efficiency of food use
Lowers metabolic rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Def: Set point theory of weight

A

each individual has an ideal biological weight, which cannot be greatly modified.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Def: stress + eating habits =

A

affects eating habits of different ppl in different ways.
Can disinhibit food consumption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Def: stress eating

A

the practice of eating in response to one’s stress.
Tied to anxiety & depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Ways to treat obesity

A

Dieting
Surgery
CBT: screening, self-monitoring, stimulus control, controlling eating, self reinforcement, controlling self-talk, adding exercise, stress management, social support, and relapse prevention

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Preventive Measures for Obesity

A

Training parents on sensible meal planning & eating habits
Changing lifestyles at a young age
School-based interventions
Social engineering strategies
Interventions with kids and teens tend to have the best results.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Eating disorders are developed in the pursuit of _________

A

thinness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Eating disorders have the highest _________ and mortality rates of all behavioral disorders.

A

disability

24
Q

Eating disorders will lead to

A

Depression
Anxiety
Low self-esteem
Poor sense of mastery

25
Def: anorexia nervosa
an obsessive disorder amounting to self-starvation to some extent
26
Causes of anorexia nervosa
Caused by genetics with genes involving serotonin, dopamine, and estrogen systems. Interactions between genetic and environmental factors Dysregulated biological stress systems Personality characteristics Family interaction patterns. History of SA
27
How is anorexia treated?
Therapy: cbt or family therapy hospitalization
28
Prevention of eating disorders
Addressing social norms regarding thinness Stressing the health risks of eating disorders Urging symptomatic individuals to accept treatments
29
Def: bulimia nervosa
characterized by alternating cycles of binge eating & purging
30
Ppl with binge eating disorders are characterized by:
Excessive concern with body & weight Preoccupation with dieting History of depression, psychopathology, Y alcohol and/or drug abuse Difficulties with managing work & social settings
31
Causes of bulimia nervosa
Altered stress responses High cortisol levels Large body mass than is desired Depression Genetics & hormonal dysfunctions Family values Low leptin functioning Hypothalamic dysfunction Food allergies Disordered task responsivity Disorder of the endogenous opioid system Neurological disorder
32
Treating Bulimia
Convincing bulimics abt the seriousness of the disease Combo of meds and cbt Using relapse prevention techniques
33
Alcoholism is associated with
High blood pressure Stroke Cirrhosis of the liver Certain forms of cancer Brain atrophy Sleep disorders Possible infections
34
Def: physical dependency
when the body has adjusted to the substance and incorporates the use of that substance into the normal functioning of the body’s tissues.
35
Def: craving
a strong desire to engage in a behavior or to consume a substance
36
Def: addiction
when one has become physically or psychologically dependent on a substance following a repeated routine with the substance
37
Alcoholism will lead to:
Economic loss Social problems Substance dependence
38
Def: Substance dependence
repeatedly self-administration of substances. Physical dependence on substances bc the body adjusts to the substance & incorporates its use into normal everyday functioning of the body’s tissues. Body increasingly adapts to the use of substance Strong desire to engage in a behavior or consume a substance People become physically or psychologically dependent 9n a substance following repeated use over time. Unpleasant symptoms experienced by ppl when they stop using the dependent substance.
39
Characteristics of withdrawl symptoms
Anxiety, irritability, intense cravings for the substance, nausea, headaches, tremors, & hallucinations.
40
Patterns of behaviors with alcoholism
Inability to cut down on drinking Repeated efforts to control drinking Binge drinking Occasional consumption of large quantities Loss of memory while intoxicated Drinking despite health issues Drinking of non-beverage alcohol Physical addiction Withdrawal symptoms High tolerance for alcohol.
41
Potential causes for alcohol/substance addiction
Genetics Sociodemographic factors Stress: financial & social Low social support Unemployment Depression
42
Treatments for alcohol abuse
CBT or any other cognitive-behavioral modification programs Family therapy &/or group counseling Treatment programs like detoxification Relapse prevention. Placebo drinking Controlled drinking
43
Def: Detoxification
conducted in a carefully supervised & monitored medical setting for hard-core alcoholics
44
Factors associated with successful alcohol treatment programs:
Environmental factors Moderate length of participation Involvement of family employers Social engineering approaches are required to complement formal intervention efforts. Teaching college students how to control their drinking Inducing adolescents to avoid drinking or to control it
45
Promoting social influence programs in schools to prevent alcoholism
Enhance adolescents’ self efficacy Change social norms Can be low-cost options for low-income areas
46
Drinking & driving results in _________ of vehicular fatalities each year.
thousands
47
Drinking & driving can be controlled by
Programs like Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD) Adopting self-regulatory techniques
48
Smoking is the single greatest cause of preventable death Increases the risk of many ________ & disorders Coworkers & family members are affected by _________.
diseases, 2nd-hand smoke
49
Synergistic effects ________ the damaging effects of other risk factors of smoking.
boost
50
Stress & smoking interact in dangerous ways
In males: nicotine increases heart rate reactivity to stress In women: smoking reduces heart rate but increases blood pressure as a response to stress, increases their risk of breast cancer after menopause.
51
Effects of smoking
Weight & smoking can interact to increase mortality Smoking & depression can interact to substantially increase the risk for cancer Smoking is related to anxiety in adolescence. Little to no physical activity Increases carbon monoxide levels Reduces blood oxygen capacity Death
52
Factors associated with smoking in adolescents
Initial experimentation Peer pressure Interacting with other smokers Lack of discipline & monitoring in schools Familial attitude & influence Socioeconomic status Increase in stress Depression Anxiety Influence of mass media Low self-esteem Dependency Feelings of powerlessness Social isolation
53
Why do ppl smoke?
Genetics Those who are less health conscious Smokers are more impulsive
54
History of smoking
Smoking used to be sophisticated. Cigarette ads promoted smoking and claimed to be dr approved - more directed towards men Women smoked in large quantities until the ‘40’s.
55
Why is smoking so hard to change?
Associated with pleasurable activities Highly individualized patterns Leads to short term unpleasant withdrawal symptoms when stopped abruptly Elevates mood Keeps weight down Benefits of being abstinent aren’t known Changing attitudes toward smoking nicotine replacement therapy Therapeutic approach to the issue
56
Smoking prevention
Social support & stress management Interventions with adolescents Relapse prevention evaluation of interventions Brief interventions Workplace interventions like self-help aids that encourage smokers to quit Catch potential smokers early & attack the underlying motivations that lead to smoking Implementation in schools emphasize the negative effects of smoking, conveying a positive image of a nonsmoker. Peer groups are used to foster nonsmoking. Anti-smoking behavior on social media and the internet Anti-smoking tips and tricks on social media Products made to stop smoking. Ex: the fidget smoke thingy. Smoking replacement therapy - nicotine patches, E cigs, etc. Social support Social engineering

Health Psychology 335A (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions