Chapter Eleven: Management of Chronic Health Disorders

Question 1

Assessments measure the _________ to which a patient’s normal life activities have been compromised by disease & _________

Answer 1

extent, treatment

Question 2

Treatment with quality of life for certain patients with more _________ diseases will need ______ care like: bathing, dressing, using the bathroom, being mobile, etc. This is because some diseases make those things difficult.

Answer 2

advanced, extra

Question 3

Components to one’s quality of life:

Answer 3

Physical functioning
Psychological status
Social functioning
Disease or treatment related symptoms

Question 4

Why study one’s quality of life?

Answer 4

Guides interventions
Helps identify the issues likely to emerge for patients
Assesses the impact of treatments
Used to compare therapies
Can inform decision makers abt care

Question 5

Def: Denial

Answer 5

defense mechanism by which ppl avoid the implications of a disorder.
Interferes with absorption of treatment

Question 6

Def: Anxiety

Answer 6

patients become overwhelmed by potential changes in their lives & the prospect of dying.
Interferes with treatment
Anxiety can potentially interfere with treatment
Very prevalent for those with asthma & pulmonary disorders.
Can be mistaken for symptoms of underlying diseases

Question 7

Def: Depression

Answer 7

complicates treatment adherence & medical decision making
Assesses it in the chronically ill can be complicated

Question 8

Depression is common with patients that experience ________, cancer patients, & those with heart diseases, and patients with _______ than one chronic disorder

Answer 8

strokes, more

Question 9

Depression __________ the cause of severe chronic disorders, most notably coronary heart disease.

Answer 9

exacerbates

Question 10

Those who become depressed about their health disorders….

Answer 10

Experience pain & disability
Experience negative life events
Lack social support

Question 11

The onset of depression depends on the _________ of the disorder.

Answer 11

severity

Question 12

Def: Self-concept

Answer 12

stable set of beliefs abt one’s personal qualities
Evaluated by self esteem
Includes one’s body image

Question 13

Def: body image

Answer 13

Perception & evaluation of one’s physical functioning & appearance.
Poor body image increases risk of depression & anxiety
Influences one’s adherence to treatment & willingness to adopt a co management role.

Question 14

________ self body image will lead to depression &/or _______

Answer 14

Poor, anxiety

Question 15

Body image might influence how _________ a person is to the course of treatment & how willing they are to adopt a _________________ role.

Answer 15

adherent, co-management

Question 16

_____________ is important bc it can be improved thru interventions.

Answer 16

Body image

Question 17

Effective self-care requires active ___________.

Answer 17

engagement

Question 18

Def: Achievement

Answer 18

important source of self-esteem & self-concept

Question 19

Def: social resources

Answer 19

provides info, help, & emotional support

Question 20

Def: private self

Answer 20

patient’s identity can be affected by chronic health disorders

Question 21

Coping with chronic health strategies:

Answer 21

Social support or direct problem solving
Distracting
Thinking mainly positive thoughts about the topic at hand
Cognitive escape or avoidance
Behavioral escape or avoidance

Question 22

Ppl with chronic health diseases use ________ active coping methods, like problem solving, & confrontative coping, & more _________ coping strategies.

Answer 22

fewer, positive

Question 23

Nature of the health disorder: patients adopt an ____________ model for their disorder

Answer 23

inappropriate

Question 24

Patient’s beliefs of their health disorder:

Answer 24

Patients blame stress, physical injury, disease causing bacteria, and a God’s will for their disorders
Self blame can lead to guilt, self-recrimination, or depression
They might also believe that they can prevent a recurrence of the disease (especially for cancer patients).
Patients with high self-control or self-efficacy are better adjusted to their circumstances

Question 25

Controllability of the health disorders:

Answer 25

Patients who have a sense of control or self-efficacy with respect to the disorder are more adaptive. Experience of control or self-efficacy might prolong life

Question 26

Ppl with chronic health disorders will usually develop their own _________ abt where their health disorder came from.

Answer 26

theories

Question 27

Def: physical rehabilitation

Answer 27

Learning: How to use one’s body as much as possible How to sense environmental changes to make appropriate accommodations New physical management skills Necessary treatment regimens How to control the expenditure of energy

Question 28

________ are being used more often for disabled ppl to maximize their daily _____________.

Answer 28

Robots, functioning

Question 29

Developing a comprehensive rehabilitation program:

Answer 29

Patients need a pain management program Patients might need training to use adaptive devices.

Question 30

Chronic health disorders can lead to a __________ in sexual activity.

Answer 30

decrease

Question 31

Adherence to co-managing chronic health disorders:

Answer 31

Increasing by appropriate education Predicted by high expectations for controlling one’s health & self-efficacy & knowledge of the treatment regimen

Question 32

The first step for ____________ is education.

Answer 32

adherence

Question 33

Vocational issues in chronic health disorders:

Answer 33

Discrimination against the chronically ill Financial issues arise when patients have to cut back on work

Question 34

Social interaction problems for co-managing chronic health issues:

Answer 34

Negative responses from others Impact on the family Caregiving role

Question 35

Gender & the impact of chronic health disorders:

Answer 35

Women have more deficits in social support Married women are more likely to be institutionalized than husbands.

Question 36

Positive changes in response to chronic health disorders;

Answer 36

Experiencing positive reactions & optimism Inspiration to act now instead of postponing Acquiring more empathy & compassion Feeling stronger & more self-assured

Question 37

Cons to children having a chronic health disorder

Answer 37

Confused bc the kid doesn't understand the diagnosis and possible treatment Cannot follow the treatment regimen without help from the family Exposed to isolating & terrifying procedures Exhibits a variety of behavioral issues Might develop maladaptive coping styles.

Question 38

How to improve a child’s coping:

Answer 38

Parents can soothe kids emotionally & provide an informal basis for care Children should be encouraged to take care of themselves Regular school attendance Reasonable physical activities Family therapy & training the family in the treatment regimen will help

Question 39

Pharmacological interventions of chronic health disorders - prescription of _______________

Answer 39

antidepressants

Question 40

Individual therapy for CHD:

Answer 40

Can be episodic Collab with patient’s physical & family is critical Requires respect for a patient’s defenses Comprehensive understanding of the ehealth disorders & their modes of treatment are required Guided by CBT

Question 41

Coping skills training......

Answer 41

can improve functioning for chronic health disorders Increases knowledge abt the disorder Reduces anxiety Increases patients’ feelings of purpose & meaning in life

Question 42

Relaxation, stress management, & exercise can:

Answer 42

Relaxation training & acceptance commitment therapy (ACT) are widely used Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) improves adjustment to chronic health disorders Exercise can improve one’s quality of life

Question 43

Social support interventions:

Answer 43

Family support Enhances patient’s physical & emotional functioning Promotes adherence to treatment Improves course of health disorders Support Groups

Question 44

Def: Support Groups

Answer 44

discuss issues of mutual concern that arise as a consequence of health disorders